The teacher working with handicapped children should use play and recreation experiences both to teach necessary concepts and for fun. Motor activities should be sequenced from the simple to the complex. Principles of child development should be applied to help the child learn about his body, learn basic concepts, and accomplish motor patterns.…

The present descriptions of play of children two to five are based on the theory that the four processes of understanding include four different emphases: (1) imitation, (2) exploration, (3) prediction, and (4) construction (building, etc.). Therefore, the categories of children's play discussed are transformations of each of these types. Play is…

All forms of play are transformations of four basic modes by which people know the world: copying, analysis, prediction, and synthesis. Transformation involves foregoing the usual outcomes of adapted intelligence for the sake of voluntary control of one's own behavior in games, and for the excitement of novel affective, cognitive and behavioral…

The free play of 5 black preschool Head Start children was observed. The variables manipulated in the study were delayed instructions and reinforcement for play with selected toys, and specific versus general instructions; the correspondence between the adult's instructions and reinforcement to the children's play was assessed. The data indicated…

The present investigation extended the methodology to investigate the effects of viewed aggression on groups of two and four children. The present study employed a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, using as independent variables sex of the child, group size (two or four children), and cartoon condition (aggressive cartoon, nonaggressive cartoon, and no…

A theoretical framework for the study of sport sociology is provided in this text. It is intended for students of sport, arts and humanities, sociology, and social psychology. Sport and social organization are discussed first. Three models of societies and six theories of social organization are presented which form the basis of the eclectic…

Defines perceptual criticism as an act of verbalizing sight and sound perceptions and contends that this creative synthesizing gives a play its meaning. Speech and Drama, 205 Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. Subscription Rate: $6.00 per year. (MH)

Test scores have fallen because play is essential for childrens' cognitive development and this generation of children has played less than any other. (Author/IRT)

Described are three studies which examined the effect of filmed modeling on cooperative play in disadvantaged children. (Author/CL)

Role-playing activities were employed by an elementary school counselor to influence moral development. Support was not found for moral reasoning and social perspective-taking levels being influenced by role-playing. Evidence in support of the age-related nature of these constructs and their parallel pattern of development was found. (Author)

A review of play in nonhuman animals indicates that play increases with phylogenetic status, is important for mature social development in more advanced species, reflects intentional activity, and is essential for the development of tool-using strategies. (Author)

A program to encourage cooperative play and social interaction was successful with six of seven physically handicapped children in a nursery school setting. (DB)

Discusses the benefits of parent participation in their children's play, and reviews some problems that often arise when parents do attempt to play with their young children. (SB)