In this introduction, Royer suggests that the major task facing both the developmental and educational psychologist is to establish a theoretical framework that can provide an account of the development of knowledge structures relevant to the reading process and that can suggest guidelines for translating the theory into educational practice.…

Proposes a cognitive information processing approach to instructional theory, which emphasizes the learner's role as opposed to the efficacy of different instructional methods, and posits that student use of cognitive strategies is an important part of the learning process. Findings of prior research are reviewed. Sixty-four references are…

Reasons for the development of middle schools and characteristics of middle school students are discussed. Students' physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development are considered, with references to research evidence. (MNS)

Two experiments explored the differential effects of two kinds of organization (taxonomic and schematic) on retrieval of information. (Author/PN)

An examination of texts, experience, and learning theories supports the use of two different kinds of exercises in language instruction. Those giving practice in language manipulation help in acquisition, and those helping students with understanding develop an awareness that is used later to aid learning. (MSE)