The hearing impaired children demonstrated significantly more noninteractive constructive activities and less cooperative and dramatic activities than their normally hearing peers. (Author)

In this study previously unacquainted two-year-olds formed a group structure coincident with a stabilization of social relations. The children's formation of a dominance hierarchy for object conflicts, reflected in part by an increasing group structural rigidity, was marked by a decrease in the likelihood of resistance to aggression. (Author/DB)

The article describes a 10-stage symbolic play language scale and relates the language concepts and structures associated with each developmental play stage. (PHR)

Describes the need for exercises which divert the enormous amount of energy in elementary and junior high school children. Lessons which include manual activity and opportunity to laugh divert the energy into active learning of the language. New material should be presented in various ways to avoid boredom. (PJM)

Reviews the history and purposes of the Association for Childhood Education International. Emphasizes the importance of play as the child's first expression of continuity. Points out that Confucius' concepts of teaching are universally practical and that his philosophy is carried out today in Taiwanese schools. (Author/RH)

Results indicated that a classroom with a low teacher/child ratio and partitioned special play areas facilitates peer interactions and fantasy play among middle-class, preschool children. (Author/DB)

As an example of the insights into creativity and cultural influences which may be gained by analyzing children's spontaneous play, the authors present a case study from Jamaica, where they observed young boys making their own toy trucks. (SJL)

A checklist for assessing young children's individual needs by observing them at play. (CM)

Cognitive consequences of play and exploration were examined by assigning 36 economically disadvantaged preschoolers to one of three treatment conditions: sociodramatic play training, exploration training, and free-play control. (MP)

Describes the findings of a content analysis of 64 picture books on play themes for elementary school children. The books were analyzed to determine who was playing (sex of child or adult; ethnic group membership) and why (play for fun, for social benefits, or for self-enhancement). (SS)

Caretaking of children by siblings, cousins, or other peers is widespread in most developing nations. The influence of peers as mediators of social change cannot be underestimated. (RH)

Informally reports findings of a teacher survey calling for information concerning the prevalence and general characteristics of children's interest in dinosaurs. (RH)

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a therapeutic motor development program based on a games analysis model for reducing feminine game choices in emotionally disturbed boys. (MM)