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Direct linkPurdy, John David – ProQuest LLC, 2010
Increased second-language (L2) proficiency is associated with a shift from explicit to implicit processing; however, the neural underpinnings are of this shift are not well understood. Furthermore, it is known that unaccusative verbs cause persistent difficulties in L2 learning. In this study, behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) responses…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Download full textLDA Minnesota, 2010
This issue of "Learning Times" includes a feature on understanding dyslexia. Dyslexia is a brain-based, often inherited, disorder that impairs a person's ability to read. It is not the result of low intelligence, lack of motivation, sensory impairment, or inadequate instruction. Early diagnosis of dyslexia is critical, and a child can be…
Descriptors: Workshops, Professional Development, Summer Programs, Dyslexia
Peer reviewedRueda, M. Rosario; Checa, Purificacion; Rothbart, Mary K. – Early Education and Development, 2010
Research Findings: Part of the attention system of the brain is involved in the control of thoughts, emotions, and behavior. As attentional control develops, children are more able to control cognition and responses flexibly and to adjust their behavior in social interactions better. In this article, we discuss evidence from different levels of…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Academic Achievement, Parents, Brain
Courtin, C.; Herve, P. -Y.; Petit, L.; Zago, L.; Vigneau, M.; Beaucousin, V.; Jobard, G.; Mazoyer, B.; Mellet, E.; Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. – Brain and Language, 2010
"Highly iconic" structures in Sign Language enable a narrator to act, switch characters, describe objects, or report actions in four-dimensions. This group of linguistic structures has no real spoken-language equivalent. Topographical descriptions are also achieved in a sign-language specific manner via the use of signing-space and…
Descriptors: Topography, Sign Language, Deafness, Short Term Memory
Ceci, Stephen J.; Fitneva, Stanka A.; Williams, Wendy M. – Psychological Review, 2010
Traditional accounts of memory development suggest that maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) enables efficient metamemory, which enhances memory. An alternative theory is described, in which changes in early memory and metamemory are mediated by representational changes, independent of PFC maturation. In a pilot study and Experiment 1, younger…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Metacognition, Memory, Cognitive Development
Wang, Suiping; Zhu, Zude; Zhang, John X.; Wang, Zhaoxin; Xiao, Zhuangwei; Xiang, Huadong; Chen, Hsuan-Chih – Neuropsychologia, 2008
Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI) was adopted to examine brain activation of syntactic processing in reading logographic Chinese. While fMRI data were obtained, 15 readers of Chinese read individually presented sentences and performed semantic congruency judgments on three kinds of sentences: Congruous sentences (CON),…
Descriptors: Neurological Organization, Brain, Chinese, Reading Comprehension
Allen, Harriet A.; Humphreys, Glyn W.; Matthews, Paul M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The ability to attend to relevant events and to ignore irrelevant stimuli is crucial to survival. Theories disagree on whether this ability is dependent solely on increased neural activation for relevant items or whether active ignoring can also play a role. The authors examined the active ignoring of stimuli using a preview search procedure,…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization
Phillips-Silver, J.; Trainor, L.J. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
When we move to music we feel the beat, and this feeling can shape the sound we hear. Previous studies have shown that when people listen to a metrically ambiguous rhythm pattern, moving the body on a certain beat-adults, by actively bouncing themselves in synchrony with the experimenter, and babies, by being bounced passively in the…
Descriptors: Adults, Infants, Music, Motion
Dimitropoulos, Anastasia; Schultz, Robert T. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperphagia and food preoccupations. Although dysfunction of the hypothalamus likely has a critical role in hyperphagia, it is only one of several regions involved in the regulation of eating. The purpose of this research was to examine food-related neural circuitry…
Descriptors: Food, Genetic Disorders, Neurological Impairments, Neurological Organization
Hernandez, Mireia; Cano, Agnes; Costa, Albert; Sebastian-Galles, Nuria; Juncadella, Montserrat; Gascon-Bayarri, Jordi – Brain and Language, 2008
We report the naming performance of an early and highly proficient Spanish-Catalan bilingual (JPG) suffering from Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). JPG's performance revealed a grammatical category-specific deficit, with worse performance in naming verbs than nouns. This dissociation was present in oral and written naming and in his two…
Descriptors: Nouns, Grammar, Aphasia, Bilingualism
Belmonte, Matthew K.; Mazziotta, John C.; Minshew, Nancy J.; Evans, Alan C.; Courchesne, Eric; Dager, Stephen R.; Bookheimer, Susan Y.; Aylward, Elizabeth H.; Amaral, David G.; Cantor, Rita M.; Chugani, Diane C.; Dale, Anders M.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gerig, Guido; Herbert, Martha R.; Lainhart, Janet E.; Murphy, Declan G.; Piven, Joseph; Reiss, Allan L.; Schultz, Robert T.; Zeffiro, Thomas A.; Levi-Pearl, Susan; Lajonchere, Clara; Colamarino, Sophia A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
Data sharing in autism neuroimaging presents scientific, technical, and social obstacles. We outline the desiderata for a data-sharing scheme that combines imaging with other measures of phenotype and with genetics, defines requirements for comparability of derived data and recommendations for raw data, outlines a core protocol including…
Descriptors: Autism, Genetics, Measurement Techniques, Data Analysis
Cohen-Matsliah, Sivan Ida; Seroussi, Yaron; Rosenblum, Kobi; Barkai, Edi – Learning & Memory, 2008
Pyramidal neurons in the piriform cortex from olfactory-discrimination (OD) trained rats undergo synaptic modifications that last for days after learning. A particularly intriguing modification is reduced paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in the synapses interconnecting these cells; a phenomenon thought to reflect enhanced synaptic release. The…
Descriptors: Animals, Neurological Organization, Molecular Structure, Physiology
Greenstein, Deanna K.; Wolfe, Sarah; Gochman, Peter; Rapoport, Judith L.; Gogtay, Nitin – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008
Magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the relation between cortical brain thickness during admission and remission 3 months later in 56 individuals with childhood-onset schizophrenia. Findings revealed that at the time of discharge patients had thicker regional cortex in frontal, temporal and parietal regions thereby indicating that these…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Children, Patients, Brain
Lorch, Marjorie Perlman – Brain, 2008
This article reconsiders the events that took place at the 1868 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA) in Norwich. Paul Broca and John Hughlings Jackson were invited to speak on the new and controversial subject of aphasia. Over the ensuing decades, there have been repeated references made to a debate between Broca…
Descriptors: Aphasia, Adolescents, Brain, Neurological Organization
Jensen, Eric P. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2008
Brain science already has much to contribute to education and will become even more important in the future. Brain research is not going away; it is increasing and will continue to do so. As such, educators need better tools to deal with it. In this article, the author argues that educators desperately need new understandings, new ways to think…
Descriptors: Brain, Research Methodology, Learning Processes, Cognitive Processes
