Studies suggest that low retention rates in the beginning years of teaching are a significant problem for school culture and threaten student achievement. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of factors that influence new teachers to remain in the profession and to determine whether a new teacher training academy model affected…

Background/Context: Over the past half century, scholars in a variety of fields have contributed to our understanding of the relationship between higher education and social stratification. We review this literature, highlighting complementarities and inconsistencies. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: We situate our review of the…

The Deductive-Nomological (D-N) model of human behavior is useful and provides the most objective explanation when it is appropriate but it is not necessarily an all-inclusive statement. For instance, explaining human behavior is always an act that entails languages and theories that are value laden and reveal human choices; however the D-N model…

Numerous theories of depression have been proposed and tested with several variables being implicated in the etiology of unipolar depression in the last 15 years. The time has come for unification and integration of recent depression research. Four characteristics of the preunified theory of depression include: (1) failure of researchers to relate…

Food preferences set by delayed visceral effects facilitate memory research and predator control. (Author/RH)

These two papers discuss the hypothesis that exposing a person to interviewer behavior that is incongruent with that person's expectations creates "strain" and disruption in the interview, which is manifest in several ways including decreases in verbal productivity. (RWP)

Reviews phenomena associated with social separation from attachment objects in nonhuman primates. Evaluates four theoretical treatments of separation in light of existing data: Bowlby's attachment-object-loss theory, Kaufman's conservation-withdrawal theory, Seligman's learned helplessness theory, and Solomon and Corbit's opponent-process theory.…

Compliance theory applied to prisons is tested via longitudinal analysis of prisoners' attitudes from the time of admittance to a diagnostic and classification center through subsequent transfer to a penitentiary, reformatory, etc. Findings indicate the nonrandom procedure by which prisoners are assigned to institutions is more important than…

After a discussion of basic concepts in behavior analysis, a general model of behavior change is presented which is applicable to a broad range of educational settings. Rigorous clinical training in the use of this model as part of teacher education is recommended. (MT)

As originally formulated by William J. McGuire, Inoculation Theory provided a means of immunizing cultural truisms against the effects of persuasive attacks. Subsequent studies have demonstrated its efficacy in conferring resistance to issues of considerable complexity and controversy. The efficacy of the Inoculation Theory process has been widely…

This study compared counterconditioning, expectancy and cognitive coping variables in reducing fear and anxiety of snake-phobic college students. The outcome measures of the high-expectancy placebo group and the two cognitive-coping groups were significantly superior to those of the counter-conditioning and no-treatment groups, thus supporting the…

Discusses common misconceptions about stating educational objectives in behavioral terms; emphasizing that behavioral objectives are intended to describe the products of learning so that they can be clearly understood, not to promote any particular theory of behavior. (DP)

Combines biological, biochemical, and psychological data toward the construction of a bio-psychological theory of behavior. Postulates that the presence of periodic stimuli in the environment have induced, through natural selection, the appearance of organisms capable of exploiting the environment by utilizing information in periodic stimuli. The…