Discusses the need for standardized tests in literature, compares norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests, and lists crucial background documents on the subject. (DD)

Data gained in examination of the writings relevant to the meaning of health and the facilitation of the development of the field of health provide implications for the development and presentation of health education. (MM)

Several questions are raised concerning how data is collected and interpreted to generate the National Inventory of Library Needs. The author urges NCLIS to confront some basic issues which have been raised by the document, including data collection techniques and the professional backgrounds of the individuals involved in the study. (JPF)

The author examines the development of the concept of "early childhood education" from that of a downward spread of traditional education to that of both school-based and care-giver directed developmental programs. Implications for the reformulation of graduate programs of study and for the creation of field-based personnel training programs are…

Notes that James Baldwin's new book--The Devil Finds Work--is a look by Baldwin at the movies, and that it is also a look by Baldwin at Baldwin, and the conflicting and contradictory effects the movies have had on his life and all of ours. (Author/AM)

Lists works by and about Ishmael Reed, grouped according to the following categories: editions and reviews of novels, books of poetry, non-fiction, and anthologies; short fiction; poetry; essays; book reviews; printed remarks; miscellaneous publications; and biography and criticism. (GW)

Points out that Robinson Crusoe was originally addressed to adults and contained masses of moral ruminations that children have skipped with their usual agility in the avoidance of boredom. (MB)

Describes three books in which David Macaulay presents for children both the technical and human aspects of architectural achievements in different civilizations. (MB)

Describes the use of "ideal-typical-historical" concepts in teaching history. Such concepts are abstract exaggerations which help develop an understanding of reality. Explains how the ideal-typical-historical approach uses a method of comparison to explain unique features of historical events. For journal availability, see SO 506 245. (Author/AV)

Explores the rhetorical significance of the School Desegregation Cases, collectively known as Brown v. Board of Education. Suggests that the rhetoric of this judicial decision was and is paradigmatic of much of the rhetoric which has characterized the second half of the twentieth century. (MH)

Offers support for the contentions that the critical study of movements should be a significant unit in rhetorical study and that current instructional approaches to movement rhetoric are not satisfactory. Illustrates the nature and importance of these contentions through examination of George Count's text, Dare the Schools Build a New Social…

Argues that movements are a kind of ritual conflict whose most distinguishing form is confrontation. (MH)

Presents a theoretical review of work on sociocultural influences on achievement, focusing on a critical evaluation of the work of David McClellan. Offers an alternative conception of achievement motivation which stresses the role of contextual and situational factors in addition to personality factors. Available from: Transaction Periodicals…

Discusses a study designed to determine if audience responses are in line with expectations developed from a rhetorical criticism of campaign messages. (MH)

Examines Cicero's "Defense of Caelius" public address emphasizing his mastery of the art of persuasive speaking through the use of humor and his ability to adapt to the rhetorical situation and the psychological needs of the audience. (MH)