This study investigates the possibility that the reinforcement strength of stimuli can be enhanced by observational learning as well as by pairing with unconditioned reinforcers. The reinforcement strengths of two candies were determined for 40 preschool children as measured by rate of response on a button pressing apparatus. The children then…

Students who work in small discussion groups will not significantly surpass those who study under teacher direction in terms of mean learning achievement, cognitive operations such as comprehension and application, or acquired learning. This conclusion resulted from a study of learning in two classroom situations, one utilizing teacher-directed…

Carter's model of affective relations (1965) and Chaffee's research on cognitive discrepancies and communication (1959) are used to test the hypotheses that increasing an attribute's discriminatory power will increase attribute salience and that increasing the exclusiveness of an object's attributes will increase objective salience. The current…

One of the basic problems in relating learning theories to instructional strategies is that traditionally learning theory has researched the micro unit whereas the instructional environment studies the macro unit. Traditionally, instructional strategy research and development takes the learner as he comes, an integrated organism. In learning…

It was the purpose of this study to design a secondary school curriculum in narrative and dramatic literature which would reflect the growth of structures of thought and behavior in early and middle adolescence. Based on Jean Piaget's theory of intellectual development which begins in the student's experiences and works toward…

An extensive historical background for an exhibition dealing with the technological augmentation of human intellect is presented. The main theme underlying the discussion is the changing concept of cognition in the last 200 years. Five main views of the learning process are traced as they developed in philosophy and in practical application: the…

This final report of the Targeted Research and Development Program in Reading, Project 2, Literature Search, constitutes the results of a massive search of literature in the area of reading to find and synthesize all of the literature pertaining to models of reading development and process. General areas of models considered are language…

This paper examines student characteristics associated with success in a mastery learning strategy by: (1) continually assessing over terms the entry and exit skills of the students enrolled and (2) constructing and validating a scale for measurement in the affective domain. The mastery learning theory itself was proposed by Bloom (1968) as a…

Research efforts in the area of moral development of the child, as based on Piaget's theory, are discussed. Some of the important processes Piaget uses to explain cognitive growth are presented first, followed by his theory of how the individual's capacity for moral judgment evolves. The research discussed tests Piaget's chief underlying…

The principal emphasis of this three-year research program was on developing better ways to utilize the power of the digital computer in computer-aided performance training. Two large programs, collectively called TASKTEACH, were developed and tested. These programs combined simulation and gaming techniques. The dialog with the student is…

Similarities were noted between techniques used in a new curriculum method, "Structural Communication," and research techniques used to study the relationship between "subjective organization" and recall of word lists. To explore these similarities, 8 groups of 24 high school students read instruction units under different…

This paper considers the processes involved as children and adults learn a new language. For the child this can mean learning his native language. One difference between learning a language in a classroom and in a "live" situation is motivation toward communication. The child learning his mother tongue is highly motivated to communicate, as are…

The purpose of this study is to test the commonly held assumption that younger children are superior to those who are older in learning to speak a second language with a good accent. Students from the elementary, junior high, and college levels are tested after receiving identical instruction in German phonemes. Post-test results indicate that…

Experimental courses in learning French were given to Anglophone public servants under the Lozanov method (suggestopedia) as adapted for use in a Canadian situational context. This book (an English-French bilingual edition) describes the introduction of suggestopedia to Canada and provides information on and clarification of the principles and…

One of the most important capacities which children employ when learning language is the capacity to generalize. A child who hears an utterance of a verbal expression while perceiving a particular object (or action, aspect, etc.) becomes normally able to apply the expression not only to this object but also to all those objects which, for him, are…