Provides brief biographical sketch and describes Muchow's research contributions. Discusses the content of her investigation of the environmental experience of a group of urban children and their activities in diverse settings. (Author/SO)

Argues that recent discussions of "reality" have failed to differentiate clearly between two levels: the level of things, people and events that can, for most purposes, reasonably be taken as existing "out there"; and the level of the meanings that can be applied to them by an observer. (Author/ABB)

Based on observation of children in three cultures, the author concludes that the wild primate model is a fit vehicle for interpreting the play of human children. She then examines the effects and functions of play in order to build a species-specific human theory of play. The implications for education are indicated. (CT)

A worker-to-job congruence model of a classic motivation theory was tested using 401 registered nurses as the sample, with weights applied to intrinsic and extrinsic workplace factors reflecting the importance they held for individual respondents. When importance increases, intrinsic factors have a greater effect on job satisfaction. (CT)

Aids are given to help the librarian recognize vertical and horizontal communication, and to expedite horizontal interaction with the patron that exhibits vertical tendencies. (Author)

Cites a study designed to determine the effects of within-receiver emotion and communication skill on communicated message interpretation. (MH)

A general developmental model for interindividual differences, intraindividual differences, and intraindividual changes is described in terms of individuals, variables, and occasions. (ST)

This paper reviews the respondent (Hull-Spence) and operant (Skinnerian) conditioning definitions of reinforcers and reinforcement and demonstrates the need to keep the systems separate when consulting about behavior modification. The two systems are shown to lead to different modification procedures. (Author)

This paper is an attempt to provide a survey of the work of one of our seminal interpersonal theorists, S. Potter. His writings are analyzed for their relevance to the consultant of today and to the consultant of yesterday. (Author)

The purpose of this study was to test instrumentality theory predictions of work effort. The amount of effort exerted on various tasks by a group of faculty members at a large university in the U.S. was examined. It was found that the modifications of the theory generally led to improved predictions of effort. (JB)

An examination of the differences between radical and conventional behaviorism is presented in this article. The radical behaviorism of B. F. Skinner is compared with the phenomenological thought of Maurice Merleau-Ponty emphasizing the manner in which each of these men understands human behavior. (JC)

Author gives several theories on child development in hopes of getting the students in Exploring Childhood'' to be open and creative in their interactions with children. (GB)

Author claims that Piaget's account of the construction of reality needs modification and a shift in emphasis. (Author/MB)

Human nature is inadequately explained by theories of instinctive behavior; human behavior is dependent upon the theories of behavior that are adopted. These insights enable identification of weaknesses in available learning theories. (AL)