Motivation theories can be generalized to a common principle of human behavior: people do what they are reinforced or rewarded for doing. The most successful motivational recognition programs share five key elements: a recognition symbol, an attractive means of display, a meaningful presentation, effective promotion, and periodic evaluation. (MLF)

That psychoanalytic theory has not been displaced by the behavioral theory of neurosis is remarkable in view of the persuasive evidence that exists for the efficacy of behavior therapy. One reason for this seems to be the persistence of widespread misperceptions of behavior therapy. (Author)

Three contrasting schools of learning theory are briefly described and then related to training methods. The methods are behaviorist, humanistic, and cognitivist. The author concludes with the thought that no one theory is right for all training activity, and if a particular theory works, use it. (CT)

The author argues that scientific study of curriculum and instruction must find a responsible way to (l) deal with the role of human purpose in education, (2) deal with the criticisms leveled by responsible humanists, and (3) utilize the perspectives and insights provided by philosophers. (CT)

Encourages an expansion of the counselor's role through an evaluation of the efficacy of certain cognitive training procedures in teaching young children skills for interpersonal problem solving. (Author)

When the findings of sociobiology and ethology are properly interpreted, they are surprisingly compatible with commonsense ethical values, adding to our understanding of moral and ethical principles as an essential element of human social behavior. This paper provides a brief overview of the broader scientific interpretation to illustrate this…

Presents an Emotionality-Rationality-Activity model that integrates recent classifications of counseling and psychotherapy. The model also serves as a theoretical basis from which methods, goals, and processes during counseling, psychotherapy, and training can be derived and integrated. (Author)

Studies of a biological basis of social behavior have involved biologists in emotional debate. The author outlines the controversy surrounding one sociobiologist, Edward Wilson, and questions the charge that such research should not be conducted because of its potential for abuse. Condensed from "Smithsonian" magazine, September 1980,…

Based on assumption that paradox itself is a conceptual and not an empirical phenomenon, study presents an analysis of these situations by analogy. This analysis has implications for psychotherapy which render the use of contralogical techniques of change more easily specifiable. (Author)

Surveys the ideas of William Glasser and Herbert Kohl on discipline and then evaluates them by reviewing both their strengths and weaknesses. (Author/MLF)

Described is the use of the Stimulus-Organism-Response model in the development of seven sequenced learning activities to teach the names and order of the days of the week to retarded children. (DB)

Dependent variables such as preference, hedonic tone, aesthetic appreciation, and developmental stages are frequently observed to be single-peaked functions of the independent variables. This research addresses the problem of deriving, from more elementary underlying processes, a preference function that rises monotonically to a peak and then…

Reviews changing patterns of health and illness that have led to increased interest in the role of patient and provider behaviors, discussing the advantages of using health care settings as prevention sites. Presents examples of successful behaviorally-based prevention programs, offering evidence supporting their cost-effectiveness. Describes…