Presents an overview of self-regulation models: theory of planned behavior, protection motivation theory, health belief model, action control theory, transtheoretical model of behavior change, health action process, and precaution adoption process. Applies models to health behavior change in older adults with cardiovascular disease or diabetes.…

Reviews three theoretical explanations (social role theory, crisis theory, social selection theory) for the reasons for psychological distress of divorced individuals. Evaluates the efficacy of these theories in a pooled analysis of married persons followed over 12 years. Results provide evidence that higher stress levels of the divorced primarily…

Describes anorexia and bulimia, two eating disorders that affect adolescent females more frequently than males. Discusses causes, effects, and treatments of these two eating disorders. Describes what teachers can do to identify students with these disorders and help those who suffer from them. (PKP)

Investigates identity theory and parental investment theory, two alternative theoretical models of parenting using telephone survey data drawn from a sample of 208 fathers. Identity theory predictors accounted for a greater proportion of variance than the parental investment theory predictors. Study underlines importance of social psychological…

Explored common factors across theories of marriage and family therapy (MFT). Clinicians and researchers were asked to achieve consensus regarding common factors. Respondents were asked to report on commonalities across various MFT theories, as well as what they personally considered to be core the ingredients of change. Implications for training…

William H. Morse has played a major role in the experimental analysis of behavior. His view of operant behavior as the outcome of differential reinforcement provides an invaluable lesson in scientific research and theory. He studied schedules of reinforcement to generate an in-depth analysis of the complex interactions existing when contingencies…

Two examples of behavioral measurement are explored--utility theory and a global psychophysical theory of intensity--that closely parallel the foundations of classical physical measurement in several ways. First, the qualitative attribute in question can be manipulated in two independent ways. Second, each method of manipulation is axiomatized and…

The authors conducted a comprehensive review to understand the relation between personality and aggressive behavior, under provoking and nonprovoking conditions. The qualitative review revealed that some personality variables influenced aggressive behavior under both neutral and provocation conditions, whereas others influenced aggressive…

In this document the author provides a brief overview of A. Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The author also provides a discussion of the value of this theory to career counselors, which includes particularly useful features of the concept of self-efficacy and suggestions for its application in career assessment and counseling, with a special focus…

Grebennikov has chosen to present to the contemporary gaze, the so-called "absolute" concepts of Maria Montessori regarding normalisation and deviation in childhood. Grebennikov has focussed on the issue of challenging behaviour and the "deviations" identified by Montessori 100 years ago. His discursive treatment of the topic…

This paper analyzes the theoretical, pragmatic, and substantive factors that have hampered the integration between psychology and psychometrics. Theoretical factors include the operationalist mode of thinking which is common throughout psychology, the dominance of classical test theory, and the use of "construct validity" as a catch-all category…

The aim of this study was to test the utility and efficiency of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM) in predicting testicular self-examination (TSE) behaviour. A questionnaire was administered to an opportunistic sample of 195 undergraduates aged 18-39 years. Structural equation modelling indicated that, on the…

Much of the responsibility for managing careers is shifting from employers to adaptive and proactive employees. A career management intervention based on action regulation theory trained 205 white collar employees to engage actively in their own career building by increasing their self-knowledge, career goal commitment, and career plan quality. As…

This study explored the relation between gambling behavior among college students and the perceived environment, the component of problem behavior theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977) that assesses the ways that youth perceive their parents and peers. Two hundred and thirty-three ethnically diverse undergraduates at a large urban public university…

Increasing access to online databases from home has raised the value of computer use for retrieving student achievement information. This study's purpose was to examine the relationship of family use of an electronic reporting mechanism in the home to student achievement, attendance, and home-school communication. Using communication as a parent…