Decapodiform cephalopods are ecologically significant marine animals known for their vivid coloration, complex behaviors, and key roles in trophic webs. Despite their importance, public recognition of these species in Japan remains limited. This study aims to enhance public awareness of decapodiform cephalopods by developing a science picture book that integrates narrative storytelling and natural history illustration as an educational tool. We conducted a case study in Japan involving the creation of a picture book based on a multidisciplinary approach, including scientific literature review, morphological and behavioral observations of live specimens in aquariums, diving-based fieldwork in Okinawa, and detailed examination of preserved museum specimens. Additionally, we designed a supplementary poster illustrating 17 decapodiform species to visually communicate their morphological diversity. Feedback from readers, including educators and museum visitors, indicated that the book was effective in increasing engagement and improving understanding of cephalopod ecology. The poster further supported species recognition and interest in marine biodiversity. Our findings underscore the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, illustrators, museums, and aquariums in developing educational materials, and demonstrate the effectiveness of illustrated science communication in promoting marine ecological literacy.