Epigenetics shows how environmental factors and life experiences alter gene activity without changing the gene sequences. This review examines key epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, and their roles in gene regulation. It also highlights the impact of maternal diet, stress, and toxin exposure on epigenetic marks. The paper discusses the role of epigenetics in diseases such as cancer and diabetes, presenting new avenues for diagnosis and treatment. Ethical, social, and legal challenges, including informed consent, discrimination, distributive justice, and transgenerational equity, are also explored. Additionally, the review suggests innovative teaching strategies for epigenetics, including interactive videos, simulations, storytelling, and case studies, to enhance student engagement. Ultimately, understanding epigenetics empowers informed health choices and promotes a healthier world by integrating these insights responsibly for the benefit of current and future generations.