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Caldwell, Leon D.; Bledsoe, Katrina L. – American Journal of Evaluation, 2019
This article questions whether social justice can live within the structural racism present in the field of evaluation. Structural racism refers to the totality of ways in which societies foster racial discrimination through mutually reinforcing systems of housing, education, employment, earnings, benefits, credit, media, health care, and criminal…
Descriptors: Social Justice, Racial Bias, Educational Assessment, Evaluators
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Cariveau, Tom; Shillingsburg, M. Alice; Alamoudi, Arwa; Thompson, Taylor; Bartlett, Brittany; Gillespie, Scott; Scahill, Lawrence – Journal of Behavioral Education, 2020
Access to early intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder is commonly recommended. Intervention programs may include high rates of instructional trials, which may evoke escape-maintained problem behavior. Recent research on "pairing" or "rapport-building" interventions have sought to reduce…
Descriptors: Young Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Intervention
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Silbaugh, Bryant C.; Swinnea, Samantha; Falcomata, Terry S. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2020
More is known about how to reduce challenging behavior with functional communication training (FCT) than how to mitigate its resurgence during or following a course of treatment. Research suggests reinforcing mand variability during FCT may mitigate the resurgence of challenging behavior, but validated procedures for reinforcing mand variability…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Behavior Modification, Communication Skills, Reinforcement
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Sekeres, Melanie J.; Moscovitch, Morris; Grady, Cheryl L.; Sullens, D. Gregory; Winocur, Gordon – Learning & Memory, 2020
Conditioned fear memories that are context-specific shortly after conditioning generalize over time. We exposed rats to a context reminder 30 d after conditioning, which served to reinstate context-specificity, and investigated how this reminder alters retrieval-induced activity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (aCC) relative to a…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Conditioning
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Suberman, Rachel; Cividini-Motta, Catia – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020
Individuals with developmental disabilities often do not develop vocal repertoires, thus requiring the use of augmentative devices. Teaching caregivers to conduct communication training with their children may be one way to foster communication with their device in the natural environment. This study replicates Rosales, Stone and Rehfeldt (2009),…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Caregivers, Caregiver Role
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Nouf M. Alzrayer; Reem Muharib; Charles Wood – Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 2020
Various types of augmentative and alternative communication systems have been successfully used to enable functional communication in children with developmental disabilities. The effects of such systems on natural speech production have also been investigated, but few studies have explored the effects of specific procedures aim at inducing…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Child Behavior, Intervention, Augmentative and Alternative Communication
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Coleman, Heather; Layden, Selena J.; Horner, Lynda Gayle – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2023
The use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in the child's natural setting is critical for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to improve communication skills and promote generalization. Yet, to implement EBPs effectively, caregivers often require training. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy of behavior skills…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Evidence Based Practice, Young Children, Program Effectiveness
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Paisios, Emmanouil; Rjosk, Annabell; Pamir, Evren; Schleyer, Michael – Learning & Memory, 2017
Avoiding unfavorable situations is a vital skill and a constant task for any animal. Situations can be unfavorable because they feature something that the animal wants to escape from, or because they do not feature something that it seeks to obtain. We investigate whether the microbehavioral mechanisms by which these two classes of aversion come…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Punishment, Rewards, Learning
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Vorster, Albrecht P. A.; Born, Jan – Learning & Memory, 2017
Sleep supports memory consolidation as shown in mammals and invertebrates such as bees and "Drosophila." Here, we show that sleep's memory function is preserved in "Aplysia californica" with an even simpler nervous system. Animals performed on an inhibitory conditioning task ("learning that a food is inedible") three…
Descriptors: Sleep, Inhibition, Operant Conditioning, Memory
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Heroux, Nicholas A.; Robinson-Drummer, Patrese A.; Sanders, Hollie R.; Rosen, Jeffrey B.; Stanton, Mark E. – Learning & Memory, 2017
The context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in which learning about the context, acquiring the context-shock association, and retrieving/expressing contextual fear are temporally dissociated into three distinct phases. In contrast, learning about the context and the context-shock association…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear, Conditioning, Animals
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Díaz-Mataix, Lorenzo; Piper, Walter T.; Schiff, Hillary C.; Roberts, Clark H.; Campese, Vincent D.; Sears, Robert M.; LeDoux, Joseph E. – Learning & Memory, 2017
The creation of auditory threat Pavlovian memory requires an initial learning stage in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, is paired with an aversive one (US), such as a shock. In this phase, the CS acquires the capacity of predicting the occurrence of the US and therefore elicits conditioned defense responses.…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Animals, Statistical Analysis
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Esch, Barbara E.; Esch, John W.; Palmer, David C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2017
When the B. F. Skinner Foundation reprinted Skinner's "Verbal Behavior" in 1992, Jack Michael wrote one of its two forewords, a detailed outline of the book's purpose and scope. On the 60th anniversary of the first publication (1957) of "Verbal Behavior", Jack reflects on the book's impact and its importance to the…
Descriptors: Verbal Communication, Language Usage, Operant Conditioning, Language Acquisition
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Sundberg, Mark L. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2017
Jack Michael offered a course on verbal behavior almost every year throughout his teaching career. Jack was also interested in the application of Skinner's work and in 1976 began to offer a graduate course at Western Michigan University titled Verbal Behavior Applications. Jack and his students pursued the application of Skinner's work on verbal…
Descriptors: Verbal Communication, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Behavior Theories, Reinforcement
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Palmer, David C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2017
The task of extending Skinner's (1957) interpretation of verbal behavior includes accounting for the moment-to-moment changes in stimulus control as one speaks. A consideration of the behavior of the reader reminds us of the continuous evocative effect of verbal stimuli on readers, listeners, and speakers. Collateral discriminative responses to…
Descriptors: Verbal Stimuli, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Nonverbal Communication, Behavior
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Perez, Leticia; Patel, Ushma; Rivota, Marissa; Calin-Jageman, Irina E.; Calin-Jageman, Robert J. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Most long-term memories are forgotten. What happens, then, to the changes in neuronal gene expression that were initially required to encode and maintain the memory? Here we show that the decay of recall for long-term sensitization memory in "Aplysia" is accompanied both by a form of savings memory (easier relearning) and by persistent…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Genetics, Recall (Psychology), Animals
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