Asserts that the distinguishing focus of the communication discipline is symbolic activity. Suggests that wide recognition of this focus, its scope and coherence would help to resolve important discipline-related controversies. (MS)

Discusses why translation theory has had an inadequate impact on translation practice and gives specific examples of ways in which translation theory can provide the translator with general principles and methods of translating idioms. (SED)

Describes and recommends Cicero's ironic approach to understanding competing theories of genre as a paradigm for the study of rhetorical theory. (MS)

Discusses the ritual Speech on the Address in terms of its function to preserve stability in the English government. Suggests it was not strictly a genre or subgenre. (MS)

Considers Washington's first inaugural in light of the historical and functional contingencies that generated it. Describes personal, situational, and rhetorical influences on Washington. (MS)

Discusses the use of Swedish and Finnish in a bilingual company with offices in both countries. In some work areas, Finnish is the dominant language, in other instances, Swedish is. At many meetings, each person speaks in his/her mother tongue. There seems to be no friction over language choice. (SED)

Reviews concepts from discourse analysis and translates them into instructional techniques that can be used in the classroom to improve reading comprehension. (FL)

Explores the usage and grammatical agreement problems of the words "everyone" and "everybody." (HTH)

Regardless of the syntactic variation of the direct object "a" in Spanish, a great deal of semantic unity underlies its use. Argues that it carries an invariant meaning that is present in every use of the form, and, concomitantly, its absence before a direct object carries an equally invariant meaning within the systematic semantic structure of…

A former school administrator advises several bold steps to strengthen administrators: put meaning into language, reason into changes, responsibility into rights, enforcement into rules, and substance into instruction. (MD)

Considers computer mediated communication in context of a broader set of linguistic issues, analyzes computer mediated communication as a formal modality of linguistic communication, looks at the computer as a replacement for writing and for speech, and predicts linguistic changes that might occur as a result of computer mediated communication.…

Examines the conditions under which children and adults use indexical words to refer to objects or to corefer with nouns in discourse. Subjects at three ages (6, 10, and adult) performed simple tasks and described their actions. (Author/AS)

The study investigated changes in frequency of language used by six Down's syndrome children (six to seven years old) as they interacted with nonretarded peers within a normal school playground setting. As a group, Ss demonstrated a positive relationship between percentage of time engaged in interaction and increasing frequency on language use in…

An analysis of the use of simple and immediate future tenses in French shows that the expression of time is controlled more by context and modals than by specifically temporal cues. The role of negation in this situation is discussed. (MSE)

Three versions of a rating scale were compared for reliability and level of ratings. Results indicated that the wording of items influence these factors; that items should be written in order to maximize their meaning; and that response categories should be unique to each item. (Author/RW)