Based on the idea that universities are places in which argument is an essential element, the standards that should apply to such argument are examined, drawing on the literature of communication, persuasion, and educational philosophy. A variety of perspectives are examined and critiqued, and it is concluded that regulation of argument is a…

Argues against the unity principle of time and space in terms of objectives of the educational system: enhancement of learning, sociability, and autonomy; socialization to the labor force; propagation of social norms; and concept of identity. Suggests that declining impact of these in Western society necessitates new schooling structure that…

Discussion of occupational mistakes focuses on a study of mistakes in reference performance of librarians, paraprofessionals, and student assistants at an academic library. Topics discussed include technical and judgment errors, redefining the reference process, normative errors, instructional goals of the reference staff, and suggestions for…

Two studies comparing urban and kibbutz children found that the acquisition of normative understandings was associated with a shift from mastery to ability explanations in urban, but not kibbutz, children. Cooperative learning settings helped maintain interest in using peers to promote mastery, even after the acquisition of the normative…

Peacekeeping strategies for school-board meetings include developing a code of conduct that spells out guidelines for behavior and then enforcing it; bringing in a neutral observer to help board members work through what is really worrying them; and concentrating on policy. (MLF)

Some studies indicate that individuals recognize conventional norms as social contrivances; others, that individuals reify social formations as something other than social products. Questions about comparatively transparent rules and the use of simplistic questions for complex phenomena give an exaggerated portrayal of individuals' awareness of…

At Frederick Douglass Academy, middle school of choice in central Harlem, principal Lorraine Monroe is creating public school that exudes private school values--hard work, discipline, college preparation. Drawing 75% of its student body from central Harlem, school will evolve into a secondary school and graduate its first class in 1997. The…

Introduces selected papers delivered at the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association. Papers explore gender as experienced by Latinas and Latinos, examine gendered relationships between Latino men and women, and discern how Latino gender norms in Latin America are perpetrated and negotiated by Latinos within the U.S.…

Examines the debate concerning the relationship between the news media and the social order. Defines the concept of hegemony and explores research supporting and criticizing the media hegemony thesis. Identifies central issues confronting these varied interpretations. Suggests ways to refine research exploring the news media's production of…

Internal working models of close relationships include a "self model" of one's own worth and an "other model" embodying core expectations about others. Interrelationships between self-model differences and self-reported problems, and among other-model differences, problem levels, and help-seeking attitudes of college students (N=253) were…

Study comparing self-reported alcohol-use patterns and the personal beliefs and expectancies about alcohol use of 385 fraternity and sorority members and 1,518 non-Greek-affiliated college students found alcohol use higher among Greek-affiliated students and highest at private parties. Peer norms and perceived benefits predicted use levels. (EMK)

Describes a six-week training program developed for parents of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). Parents in the program obtain education and information about AD/HD, learn to develop and implement behavior-management strategies, and receive much-needed support from the workshop facilitators and other parents in the…

Examined relationships between worksite influences and smoking and quitting behavior among adolescent grocery employees. Surveys on interpersonal, intrapersonal, and organizational factors indicated that regular smokers were 30 percent more likely to receive co-worker encouragement to quit than occasional and experimental smokers. Compared to…

Examines the issue of scientific misconduct and its implications for training social work researchers. Analyzes cases in which violation of legal and ethical research standards have occurred. Explores implications for faculty and curriculum development, and makes recommendations for the prevention and resolution of scientific misconduct in social…

Outlines emerging debates on salience of age in the life course. Notes study examining adults' perceptions of the relevance of age for life-course transitions related to family, education and work, or health and death: age was considered most salient in the family sphere; and was more salient for men than for women and for nonwhites than for…