The effect of differential knowledge of a referent on children's communication effectiveness was investigated. A total of 40 boys and 40 girls from kindergarten and second grade were given one or three opportunities to explore a maze-like construction approximately 22 square meters in area. Each child was then required to verbally describe the…

This paper examines recent research for differences on rate of conservation achievement between the subcultures: (1) rural vs. urban-suburban, (2) white vs. black, (3) subculture of poverty vs. middle class WASP, and (4) lower vs. middle socioeconomic status. The author concluded from his examination of research that: (1) among middle-class whites…

The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) whether or not cognitive processes differ between advantaged and disadvantaged groups; (2) the capacity of pupil response to measure cognitive ability as compared to measurements of cognitive processes depending on verbal ability and environment; (3) whether pupil response can predict future…

Evaluated is a program with two components: individual consultations offered bi-weekly to daycare mothers in their homes, and group discussions in which the mothers talked about their mutual concerns and interests. Hypotheses tested were: (1) participants would show a greater increase in attitudes and behaviors conducive to growth of children than…

This paper describes the evolution of the Children's Television Workshop, which was originally suggested in a study made by Joan Ganz Cooney for the Carnegie Corporation, and which was responsible for the development and production of the daily, 1-hour educational program, "Sesame Street:" As envisioned in the Carnegie proposal, the…

The 5-year project reported in this paper sought initially to examine the home environments both of isolated, intact rural white families and of single parent AFDC Negro families. The information thus gathered was to be compared to what is known about middle class white families in hopes of isolating the differences that result in the poorer…

This study was conducted to find out whether extending the kindergarten day with individualized curricula would produce differences in achievement great enough to warrant the increased cost. Two pilot studies were conducted in this large suburban school district, using kindergartens from four of 17 elementary schools. Two of the schools served…

In a study of spatial orientation, 40 boys and 40 girls from kindergarten and first grade placed a series of objects in front, behind, and beside themselves, and in front, behind, and beside other objects. Some objects had distinguishable front and back sides; others lacked such features. Placements were highly consistent within and across…

In an effort to learn more about the child prone to anxiety when separated from his parents, 60 3-year-old, predominantly white, middle class children were subjects of a parent-teacher study. Each parent completed a scale of 25 items on which his child's anxiety was rated just prior to the child's entrance into nursery school. A teacher-rated…

This research and demonstration project involved the establishment of a demonstration Nursery Center to provide for the daytime care of infants and toddlers in groups and for the evaluation of this experience. A descriptive account is given of the founding of the center and of its operation over a three-year period. Finding housing and suitable…

Trotman responds to two criticisms of her previous research (EJ 168 902) on racial differences in intelligence and achievement. She clarifies the conclusions criticized by Longstreth (TM 503 913) and criticizes the conclusions reached by Wolff (TM 503 914). (BH)

What are the traits of a creative artist? How do the roles and expectations for middle-class American women possibly affect the development of these traits? Attempts to answer these questions and suggest the positive outcomes that can develop from extending ourselves outward as artists, particularly for women who have traditionally been encouraged…

Racial attitudes of 5- and 8-year-old children were measured before and after the children were administered a negative reinforcement procedure which changed their evaluations of color concepts. Earlier findings with preschool children were replicated, and a larger change in racial attitude scores was obtained. (GO)

Effects of maltreatment were examined in three domains suggested by attachment theory: relationships with novel adults, effectance motivation, and cognitive maturity. Three samples of four- to eight-year-old children were studied: 93 maltreated children, 67 demographically matched nonmaltreated childen, and 30 nonmaltreated middle-class children.

Compared conversations of 101 two-hour meetings of long-term mothers' discussion groups, in informal and formal settings, regarding topics discussed and frequency of nonroutine conversation. Found discussion of parent and child topics decreased throughout the year in both settings, while conversations related to income, family, and self increased.…