Lists competing forms in written French selected on the basis of three criteria: (1) expressions which can be written in two equally acceptable ways, (2) those in which the two forms differ slightly in meaning, and (3) those in which one form is considered correct but is now questioned. (MLA)

Attempts to refine the concept of indirect communication by distinguishing a number of different forms of indirect communication such as hinting, suggesting and insinuating. (MH)

Examines former President Ford's consistent use of the war metaphor in an attempt to explain the domestic problem of inflation and posits various reasons for the war metaphor's failure to be accepted by the American public. (MH)

In English there seems to be a large group of so-called reflexive verbs that do not possess any definable reflexive meaning. Grammatical reflexives are distinguishable from semantic reflexives and display considerable variation from one another also. Eight patterns or groupings of verbs are considered. (Author/SW)

Rationale for encouraging students' use of precise words. (AA)

Ordering preferences for English adjectives in attributive (prenominal) and predicative (postnominal) positions were found to be in general agreement. Semantically congruent and incongruent adjectives were compared regarding ordering preferences and a "borrowing" theory is proposed. (CHK)

The grammatical deviations produced by 26 migrant children were categorized into tenses (formation and usage), pronoun usage, subject-verb agreement, possessive adjectives, negation, number concord in antecedents, irregular morpheme construction, irregular syntactic constructions, modification of nouns, preposition substitution, word omission in…

A discussion of the use of the preposition "de" in Spanish, based on the distinction "Calle Carniceria" or "Calle de Carniceria." A simplification of usage under several headings is presented. Regarding "Calle de,""de" is preferred if a proper noun follows it. (Text is in Spanish.) (AMH)

The uses of the eleven Spanish clitic pronouns are discussed for various regional dialects and formal and colloquial speech in Spain and Latin America. (Text is in Spanish.) (CHK)

Notes that some children have very advanced skills in maintaining sequences and both adapting to the meanings of others and getting their own meaning across. It may be this ability to negotiate meaning, rather that structural features of language which is at the back of difficulties in education. (Author/AM)

Considers the possibility of a relationship between oral language and reading. Includes an extensive list of references. (JM)

Criticizes the teaching of formal, abstract grammar prior to sixth grade, citing its ineffectiveness in improving composition skills. Proposes the elimination of traditional grammar from the early curriculum, retention of instruction in language usage and spelling and emphasis on student practice in writing. (BF)

To ensure reliable language data for research there is a need for experiments eliciting acceptability judgments. Experimental data are discussed to show that evaluation of a sentence may be affected by the sentence with which it is paired. Sentences with similar deviances should be presented as a set for evaluation. (CHK)

This article proposes that language contact can be best understood if the entire range of such situations from second language learning to evolution of dialects and creoles is studied within a framework analogical to the symbiosis of living organisms. Language contact is viewed in terms of dynamic evolutionary stages. (CHK)