Middle-aged upper-middle-class sample was used to replicate Spence, Helmreich, and Stapp's study of androgyny and self-esteem. Earlier findings were largely replicated. Self-esteem scores for men were substantially higher than those found by Spence et al., but the earlier relationships of androgyny, masculinity, and femininity with self-esteem…

Basic strategies for motivating and sustaining low income and minority students are discussed. (JD)

Observations about middle class high school dropouts are reported by staff of Project SAIL (Student Advocates Inspire Learning), an intensive special program involving peer and individual counseling. (CL)

This study confirms the hypothesis that poor children's difficulties with sounds stem not from deficiencies in auditory discrimination but from inadequate skill in phonemic analysis. Almost all of disadvantaged and middle-class kindergarten-age children could readily hear phoneme differences in words. Almost all of the disadvantaged children, but…

Schools once had a premier role in acquainting youngsters with all dimensions of culture, says the author, who chides educators for ever allowing the situation to deteriorate. Combines literary allusions and colorful references in telling educators how they can bring culture back to the curriculum. (Editor/RK)

Discusses a study that examined 11 parents' assessment of their involvement in their children's education. Except for two divorced mothers, the majority of participants consistently provided advocacy/support to their children throughout their entire school lives. Only one parent exercised real decision-making involvement in her child's school.…

To succeed in the new educational marketplace, British schools must change their teaching and administration focus to one of strategic planning, policy formation, and implementation. Unless schools develop a strategic marketing approach that shapes a coherent change program and educates client perceptions of need, they will be driven by a…

A study of parent contributions to dependent student's college costs in 1983 and 1987 found that contributions have increased significantly in general and for the $40,000-50,000 income group in particular. (Author/MSE)

Compares education of lower-middle and working classes in Brazil and the United States to examine effects of the educational system in supporting the changing technological infrastructure. Concludes that both countries need to improve access and minimize stratification to make their systems of education for mid-level technology more equitable.…

Language minority parent involvement in schools should not be judged by white, middle-class models. Minority parents must bring new and different knowledge to schools to ensure equitable policies, bilingual education, and support for diversity. (SK)

Observation, questionnaires, and interviews at a South London adult education center showed that adult education offers a number of alternative examples but within a predominantly middle-class atmosphere. The dimension of equal opportunities and social justice is present but not yet a significant force in adult education. (SK)

Data from two-parent families in midwestern rural county revealed that adverse economic change increased economic pressures and hardship adaptations in ways that matched effect of income level and exceeded influence of unstable work. Pressures and adaptations mediated negative effects of economic adversity on emotional health and family…

Responses of university administrative support workers (n=292) showed that job and workplace characteristics are important predictors of class identity for women. Although greater use of video display terminals is linked with working-class identity, workers form a more middle-class identity the longer an office has been automated. (SK)

Forty-four boys and 23 girls aged 3 to 6 years attending preschools serving mostly middle class populations participated in a nonreversal discrimination task with gender typing and size of stimulus the relevant target dimensions. Results support predictions based on gender schema theory regarding salience of gender-to-gender schematic and…

Discusses American Psychological Association's (APA, 1990) "Ethical Principles" and American Association for Counseling and Development's (AACD, 1988) "Ethical Standards" as they relate to racial-ethnic minorities. Contends that philosophical premises that underlie these principles and standards reflect solely majority culture…