Reading in difficult or novel fonts results in slower and less efficient reading (Slattery & Rayner, 2010); however, these fonts may also lead to better learning and memory (Diemand-Yauman, Oppenheimer, & Vaughan, 2011). This effect is consistent with a desirable difficulty effect such that more effort during encoding results in better…

Visual-verbal-paired associate learning (PAL) is strongly related to reading acquisition, possibly indexing a distinct cross-modal mechanism for learning letter-sound associations. We measured linguistic abilities (nonword repetition, vocabulary size) longitudinally at 3.5 and 4.0 years, and visual-verbal PAL and letter knowledge at 4.0 and…

The aim of this research was to determine whether the attitudes and behaviors of helicopter parents of secondary school students differ according to gender, grade level, family income level, parental education level, and parental income level. The participants of the research consisted of randomly selected 374 girls, 301 boys; 675 students in…

Past research has examined parental support for children's math and reading skills in the early years through parents' reports of their activities with their children in somewhat inconsistent ways. In this study, we use data from a large sample of parents (n = 259; 103 males) collected through Amazon's Mechanical Turk to examine dimensions of…

Purpose: The value of shared reading as an opportunity for learning word meanings, or semantics, is well established; it is less clear whether children learn about the orthography, or word spellings, in this context. We tested whether children can learn the spellings and meanings of new words at the same time during a tightly controlled shared…

Foreign language learning in classroom settings has long been found to be associated with anxiety. Though it is known that sources of foreign language anxiety are varied, whether anxiety is related to learners' inherent beliefs about language learning is understudied. To this end, the present study examines the possible relationship between…

Considering the challenges associated with the teaching of engineering design, and recognising potential differences in design values of individuals from various backgrounds, this study investigated the utility of "adaptive comparative judgment" (ACJ) as a method for informing the teaching and practice of engineering design. The authors…

Differentiated instruction (DI) has received extensive attention in general teacher education. Little research, however, has specifically focused on language teachers' understanding of DI, particularly the developmental trajectory of their understanding. The present study, framed within and informed by sociocultural theory, investigated EFL…

Language learning strategies (LLS) research began in the mid-1970s with the main idea of individual differences in learning a foreign language focusing primarily on the characteristics of a good language learner. In the literature review, the use of LLS has been reported to have a positive influence on proficiency. The goal of this research is to…

This study aims to examine the motivational profiles of Malay students in Singapore-based self-regulated learning framework (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990) and self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985). The sample consisted of 740 secondary school students from 24 tuition centres for Malay students only. The students were from three…

Pointing has long been considered influential in language acquisition. Certain pre-linguistic vocal expressions may hold even greater value in addressing the transition to language. The goal of the present study is longitudinal evaluation of early communicative development, addressing the influence of pre-linguistic gestures and vocal expressions.…

The present study investigated students' (N = 404) interpretations of the main message and use of modes in a persuasive multimodal video on vaccines. It also examined whether students' topic knowledge, language arts grades, and self-identified gender were associated with their interpretations. Students analyzed a YouTube video in which two…

This research article on feminism gives an account of the interaction between a female teacher and her students at a public university in Tunja, Colombia. The study aims to evidence features of feminism within an English as a foreign language classroom by analyzing the transcriptions of the teacher's discourse using the Feminist Poststructuralist…

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive research study was to explore and describe how non-LDS full-time faculty and staff describe working and living in a predominately Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) environment and whether the environment informs their social identity in the workplace at a public regional comprehensive…

Individual differences factors (IDs) play significant roles in second language (L2) learning. Compared to the general field of SLA, however, little is known in the L2 writing domain regarding the influence of learner factors in L2 writing achievement. Therefore, in this study, I aimed to extend the IDs research in L2 writing by closely examining…