This report studies the transactional style of organizational processes which emphasizes the interaction of both role expectations and requirements of the institution, and of need-dispositions of the individual. This paper uses the Ford Training and Placement Program as a specific means of illustrating: (1) the reasons for adopting a transactional…

An examination was made of the role-taking process with respect to aggressive behavior and sex roles. Ss were 20 boys and 20 girls from a housing project. All were caucasians of low socioeconomic status. Each S was shown 19 cards, each containing a schematic cartoon and involving two major figures in a particular situation. For each card there was…

It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effects of a specific type of visual perception training on the reading achievement of first grade children diagnosed as being deficient in visual perceptual skills by the Children's Perceptual Achievement Forms Test. The study included 96 subjects from 17 classrooms in three elementary schools…

The study identifies characteristics of young women who, in their occupational choices, do not conform to the traditionally expected female role. Differences are examined in home and family background, personality characteristics, values and attitudes, educational achievement and aptitude, and educational experiences between those women who elect…

To determine changes in the perceptions of associate degree students in regard to their chosen occupational programs both upon their entrance into the technology programs and at the time of their graduation, questionnaires were administered in September 1970 to the 99 male freshmen in the 2-year engineering technology program. In April, 1972, the…

In a study of spatial orientation, 40 boys and 40 girls from kindergarten and first grade placed a series of objects in front, behind, and beside themselves, and in front, behind, and beside other objects. Some objects had distinguishable front and back sides; others lacked such features. Placements were highly consistent within and across…

This paper provides information for the use of leaders concerned with the development of proposals and recommendations for national policy consideration and by delegates to the National White House Conference on Aging. The first four sections discuss the nature of the need for meaningful roles and activities in retirement, identify goals proposed…

A long-range investigation is being made to define the characteristics required of a television system to simulate a visual environment which will permit target acquisition performance comparable to that obtained in the real world. In this portion of the investigation, target recognition performance under direct viewing conditions was compared…

Guidance administrators in 70 school systems were surveyed concerning their perceived level of authority in 24 areas of the guidance program and their perceived needs satisfaction on a Maslow-type scale. School system size and the respondent's position in the administrative hierarchy were used as independent variables to test effects upon…

Learning sets programs were administered to preschool deaf children from a variety of representative educational programs throughout the southwest to improve their visual perception skills. The concept of learning sets was described as progression from trial-and-error learning to immediate problem solving by insight. The project consisted of six…

Previous research has indicated that for discretely (paired associate) as well as continuously (sound-film) presented information, high arousal during acquisition results in poor immediate recall, but is characterized by a strong reminiscence effect. Low arousal learning results in better immediate recall with poor retention. The hypothesis that…

The author addresses the need for a new acoustic recognition strategy, extending the position that any adequate grammar of a language must distinguish between auditory and articulatory knowledge. Reviewing the existing literature and theories of language and its acquisition, the author discusses their limitations and inadequacies in accounting for…

A study was conducted to measure the degree to which groups of infants could generalize color across objects of different forms and sizes and generalize from across objects of different color and sizes and to see whether color or form would dominate in their generalizations. Ss were 8-13-month-old Caucasian infants. All tests had 16 Ss except the…

A previous study by Begg and Pavio found that subjects presented with concrete sentences were able to detect subsequent changes in meaning better than changes in wording. In contrast, with abstract sentences, wording changes were detected with greater facility than were changes in meaning. The present study assesses the effect of comprehension on…

A project undertaken to advance the systematic analysis of public responses, attitudes, opinions, preferences, and values relating to the environment is discussed in this report, the fifth in a series of eight. The reports fall into two general categories: five describe and compare responses to representative milieus in New York, Boston, Cambridge…