Aspects of children's early representational drawing ability may provide evidence for feature marking in non-linguistic symbol systems. To test this assumption children in kindergarten, second, and fourth grade were asked to draw a set of referent objects in three conditions: a nominal or standard condition with no implied relationship ("two…

The role of visual imagery in the learning of letter-sound combinations was investigated using such mediating images as two scoops of ice cream for the letter "m." In a preliminary study, high-, medium-, and low-strength mediating images were determined for each letter-sound combination. The 216 kindergarten subjects in the main study were…

Intended for classroom teachers, the manual provides an approach to observation, assessment, record keeping, and remediation of students' visual performance. A list of clues for detecting visual performance difficulties and nine laws applicable to visual performance development tasks are given. Described in two sections are the materials, steps,…

The mother of an 11-year-old deaf child compares her daughter's experiences mainstreamed in a traditional school system (a Hebrew school) and in a Montessori school. The Montessori system is seen to be especially advantageous for the deaf child because of the following characteristics: opportunities for the child to be successful, a visual (rather…

The purpose of the study was to assess the feasability of teaching fifth graders to read through instruction in photography and the use of such student-produced materials as pictures, books, magazines, and charts. The 60 subjects, all of whom were experiencing severe reading disability, were divided into two classes of 30 students each. Both…

The investigations reported in this monograph have to do with the relative educational effectiveness of various methods of instruction, and of attendant circumstances of the formal visits of school children to the Buffalo Museum of Science. Two broad generalizations came out of the investigations; that the effectiveness of a museum visit is…

An exploratory study to discover the relationships between preferred learning modalities and differentiated presentations of reading tasks was conducted in a low socioeconomic, predominantly Puerto Rican public school in New York City, with 106 first-grade children as subjects. Preferred learning modality (auditory, visual, or kinesthetic) was…

Whether additional cues in visualized materials add to their instructional value is a question answered differently by various educational theorists. In the eight studies reviewed, experiments were designed to answer this question and other questions related to it. In three media studies using the same four treatments (oral presentation without…

A third-year study was made to evaluate visual imagery as an educational technique for effective learning with culturally disadvantaged students. The major objective was to improve self-concept of 9-, 10-, and 11-year-old inner-city pupils using the motivational forces of filmmaking and cultural experiences to improve the ability of the children…

The purpose of this research was to determine the relative roles of experience/learning and selected visual aptitude factors on the ability to detect and identify indications of defects in X-ray film of welds and other materials. Penetrameter Detection and Defect Identification Tests were developed to measure the ability of radiographic film…

Presented is a set of 23 picture cards to teach English verbs to Eskimo and American Indian children in Alasks's Bureau of Indian Affairs' schools. The cards attempt to help the teacher aid students in achieving oral mastery of the English verb system. The cards are for a learning situation where the teacher has decided to attack a specific…

A study was conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of various techniques of accumulating and organizing images in multiple-screen, slide-tape presentations of geographical information. Identical stimulus materials were presented in five different ways from sequential presentation to accumulated presentation to programed accumulated…

The extent to which pictorial presentation would facilitate the comprehension of text-like passages among two populations of fourth-grade students was investigated. Subjects were 64 students each in high-socioeconomic status (SES) white and low-SES black groups. Simple passages amenable to pictorial presentation were read over a programed tape to…

This study discusses a visual communications project designed to develop activities to promote visual literacy at the elementary and secondary school levels. The project has four phases: (1) perception of basic forms in the environment, what these forms represent, and how they inter-relate; (2) discovery and communication of more complex…

In the spring of 1971, an initial version of a program to teach selected prereading skills was tried out in three kindergartens. The three visual skills to be taught by the program were attending to letter order, letter orientation, and word detail. The sound skills to be taught were sound matching and sound blending. The program materials for…