This article reviews evidence and theories concerning the nature of stimulus representations in Pavlovian conditioning. It focuses on the elemental approach developed in stimulus sampling theory (R. C. Atkinson & W. K. Estes, 1963; R. R. Bush & F. Mosteller, 1951b) and extended by I. P. L. McLaren and N. J. Mackintosh (2000, 2002) and contrasts…

Money has a significant impact on people's motivation, behavior, and performance. A Money Ethic Scale (MES) was recently developed, by which the meaning of money was examined in a sample of 249 full-time employees in the United States. Six major factors (30 items) were identified using the MES scale: good, evil, achievement, respect, budget, and…

Psychophysiologic research indicates that muscle-contraction headache often is not characterized by excessive or unusual muscular activity, and muscular changes seldom accompany headache improvement resulting from treatment. Multidimensional models have been proposed, which emphasize the interdependence of physiological and psychological systems…

Examination of the manneristic behavior (stereotyped or repetitive movement) of 542 blind and 365 sighted children was undertaken. Seventeen types of manneristic behavior were investigated, including head movement, eye poking and rubbing, body rocking, kicking, and posture distortion. Comparison of the behaviors observed in sighted and blind Ss…

Twenty-six autistic adolescents and young adults (22 males, 6 females) participated in two studies of compliance and "negativism." In the first study, Ss were observed to respond differentially to a series of requests which varied in form and level of difficulty. Additionally, when responses to each type of request were dichotomized on…

As professionalism and commercialism descend through the ranks or schooling, athletics begin to resemble other forms of school work -- and this destroys their value as a conservative social force and as good theater. (Editors)

From a review of empirical studies of supervisory behavior recorded over a 20-year period, a scheme was formulated for classifying supervision as a form of interpersonal behavior, according to five dimensions: Source, viewpoint, object, mode, and task. Tabulated summaries indicate literature sources utilized and increments of new items of…

This study assessed the effect of actuarial variables, such as referral source, distance client must travel for the appointment, client socioeconomic status, and waiting time on client defection in a child guidance clinic. (Author)

Female university students with a history of three or more recurrences of urinary tract infections (UTI) are evaluated for behavioral factors contributing to the recurrence of the illness. (MJB)

Author presents a character sketch of his wife, 1986 Newbery Medal winner Patricia MacLachlan. (DF)

This study assessed the effects and side effects of using stereotypic behavior as a consequence for correct responding with two autistic children (five and eight years old). Results supported previous research suggesting that stereotypic behavior has reinforcement value and can be used as a reinforcer. (Author/CL)

Summarizes Abraham Maslow's concepts of the organization of the personality with implications for educating the disadvantaged adult learner. Special attention is given to personality syndromes and the effect they have on the expression of behavior. (JOW)

Evaluated 40 low back pain patients by a multidisciplinary team to identify the behavioral characteristics associated with functional and organic determinants of pain. Results indicated that behavioral observations of the orthopedists and the nursing staff revealed contrasting patterns of behavior for those patients classified as organic or…

Examines ten assumptions about time management. (IRT)