There is a general consensus that both conceptual and procedural knowledge are essential for students' mathematical development. A common argument is that differences in mathematical performance are caused by differences in conceptual and procedural knowledge. Therefore, it is important to investigate to what extent such differences in conceptual…

Crosslinguistic research into language development reveals that typological features determine children's developmental patterns to a large extent. The present study examines the early morphological development in the verb inflectional paradigm in Bangla. Data from the first 6 months since the emergence of two-word combinations were collected from…

The focus of this article is on the design and administration of an online computerized dynamic assessment of an important area of pragmatics: implicature comprehension (i.e., indirect meaning). The assessment centered on indirect acceptances, refusals, and opinions. Drawing on Vygotskian psychology, this assessment had a dual aim: (a) to evaluate…

Despite increased access, students with disabilities in higher education face barriers and report greater dissatisfaction than peers without disabilities [Mullins and Preyde 2013; Strnadová, Hájková, and Kvetonová 2015]. Many U.S. institutions require students to present faculty with documentation prior to receiving academic accommodations;…

Recent research suggests that psychotypology may be one of the main factors determining L3 acquisition and use, especially so in the early stages. However, the existence and nature of multilingual learners' perception of language proximity have often only been assumed rather than measured, and rarely addressed with respect to the increasingly…

The current study examines the verbs used by pre-service primary school teachers in everyday language in the context of the hierarchy of needs using the SOM-Ward clustering method. The study group of this survey research consists of 271 pre-service primary school teachers studying at a public university in Turkey. In this research, pre-service…

People's attitudes toward mathematics are multifaceted. Across four studies, we found that children and adults have different attitudes about mathematics when asked specifically about whole numbers, as opposed to fractions. The vast majority of children and adults reported negative attitudes toward fractions despite having positive attitudes…

American colleges and universities are agents of individual progress, social change and upward mobility that foster an educated citizenry and a prosperous economic system. The long-term benefits of earning a bachelor's degree are multiple, significant and well documented for graduates, their families and for the public at large. The notion of the…

This chapter is dedicated to the presentation and discussion of the results of the empirical investigation undertaken for the purpose of the present book. It concentrates on the outcomes of the in-depth analysis of the patterns of WTC, motivation, boredom and language anxiety, the relationships of these variables as well as the influences shaping…

Although a number of studies have been conducted to explore how various individual difference (ID) factors such as aptitude, motivation, and anxiety contributing to L2 learners' speech performance over a period of time of L2 learning, only a few examined the effect of the three ID factors on learners' L2 speech performances based on classroom…

The recent changes in global student mobility on U.S. higher education campuses call for increased attention to international student recruitment and retention. One of the approaches that universities can adopt in response to these changes involves addressing career-related concerns that are among those of most significance to international…

School psychologists use intelligence and academic achievement test scores to understand individual differences in abilities that may be directed towards learning and the learning that has already occurred. To make ethical and effective decisions regarding individualized educational programs and interventions, test users must understand the…

Willingness to communicate (WTC) used to be studied as a relatively stable, trait-like predisposition; however, recently attention has shifted to the more dynamic, state-like components of WTC. This research investigates variability and stability in state WTC, particularly focusing on within-person variability, which may lead to stable…

Mindset theory is an achievement motivation theory that centers on the concept of the malleability of abilities. According to mindset theory, students tend to have either a growth mindset or a fixed mindset about their intelligence; students with a growth mindset tend to believe that intelligence is malleable, whereas students with fixed mindsets…

In research paper we examine that teacher evaluation is conducted to improve the teaching effectiveness of the faculty. However, the evaluation itself has to be effective, which is possible when two issues are first addressed quite skillfully. First is the factors (or criteria) of successful teacher and teaching. And second is 'who will evaluate?'…