Presents a macro, integrative theory of leadership. Emphasizes the role of the leader in assessing the deficiencies in the follower's abilities, motivation, role perception or environmental conditions and in taking action to alleviate deficiencies. Determinants of leader behavior and environmental influence are also central to the theory. (Author)

Investigated the relationship of shyness in children (N=103) to the constricted flexible dimension of cognitive control. Findings showed a significant difference in performance of the shy and nonshy group on the Stroop Color-Word Test. The shy group was less effective in maintaining performance in the presence of interfering stimuli. (JAC)

Deals with (1) developmental changes in children's concepts of difficulty and ability and (2) individual differences within different developmental levels. Three levels of understanding of ability and difficulty are proposed, and cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence of progressive development through the stages is presented. (Author/RH)

Spelling activities that draw upon all of a student's senses--visual, auditory, and kinesthetic--are described. Instructions for setting up a kinesthetically based holiday center that will develop a taste for spelling and a feel for words are also given. (PP)

The attitudes of family practice residents toward ambulatory pharmacy services were compared with pharmacy students' predictions on what the residents' attitudes would be. The residents' perceptions of pharmacist behaviors rated significantly higher than how the pharmacy students thought they would respond. (Author/MLW)

Examines elementary-school students' perceptions of teacher praise in relation to their classroom's social and academic status, participation in class discussions, and ethnicity. (MP)

Describes the steps in developing an instructional audiovisual presentation: (1) the conceptualization stage (identify goals and instructional objectives); (2) the planning stage (define skills and instructional sequence); and (3) the development stage (take slides, write story line, evaluate field test data, and revise). (LC)

This training study examined the modifiability of older adults' (n=73) performance on measures of attentional processes and training transfer to the psychometric ability domains of perceptual speed, memory span, and fluid-crystallized intelligence. Significant training effects occurred for attention measures, and these effects were maintained at…

In research on sex role attitudes, career choices, and considered appropriateness of men and women participating in 14 sex-stereotyped occupations, children demonstrated nonstereotypic attitudes toward the 14 occupations, chose traditional careers (those dominated by the subject's sex) for themselves, and gave stereotypic reasons for preferring…

The way a medical student perceives the sexual attitudes of physicians in general may affect what is learned from medical school sex education and the manner in which such learning is applied later with patients. Student, physician, and student projections of physician and patient knowledge and attitudes were studied. (Author/MSE)

Introduces the concept of extreme interpersonal sensitivity and reviews literature relating to it. The concept is only indirectly alluded to by family theorists. Extreme interpersonal sensitivity seems to be characteristic of a lack of individuation in the family system. Clinical examples are offered to clarify this concept. (Author/JAC)

Sex role development is discussed, beginning with processes through which children adopt sexual identity and related behaviors. The growth of androgyny (measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory) in adult males and females is documented, and changes in the sex role behavior of men and women over 50 are described. (PP)

A study of 25 college and university campuses to determine whether the college presidency is still an influential leadership position is discussed. The objectives were to find out what today's presidents think of their jobs and to learn how their immediate colleagues and publics view them as leaders. (MLW)

Kindergarten pupils from six Mexican-Indian groups were shown colored textbook illustrations (paintings and photographs). There were no significant differences in comprehension between paintings and photographs, but there were perception differences by sex and between two ethnic groups, suggesting that children with different experiences perceive…

Tested the degree of association between probation officers' sent and received roles and role behavior in four juvenile courts. Found the role communicated to probation officers by their superiors was predictive of the role the probation officers perceived but not of the role as enacted with juveniles. (Author)