Referential communication accuracy of mother and child pairs when the children were four years old predicted children's cognitive development one and two years later in the United States and Japan. Main effects were found to be significant even when mother IQ, SES, and child ability at age four were partialled out of the analysis. (JMB)

Grade point average for a sample of graduate school of education students was more accurately predicted from undergraduate grade point average than from part of total scores on the Undergraduate Record Examination. However, the Advance Education examination of the Undergraduate Record Examination did improve the prediction equation. (Author/JKS)

The moderating effect of sex-role attitudes in relation to the predictive validity of Mehrabian's achievement tendency scale for females is examined. The scale predicts better for academic achievement with females classified as non-traditional in sex-role orientation, and in social achievement for females classified as traditional. (Author/JKS)

WAIS subtset standard scores, IQ scores, and factorial deviation quotients were correlated with Bender Gestalt recall scores for 111 vocational rehabilitation clients. Results found that the Bender recall task could not classify Ss as to general intelligence level with greater accuracy than could be obtained with the WAIS Vocabulary subtest alone.…

The research literature on defensive attribution of responsibility is reviewed within the framework of a nonmotivational information-processing model which proposes that attributed responsibility is a function of the difference between the perceived contingent probability (congruence) of an outcome, given a perpetrators' behavior, and the…

Assessed whether risk-taking as described in adolescents' (N=570) complete-the-story tasks could be predicted by the perceived consequences of the behaviors portrayed in the stories. Results indicate that participants were more likely to write stories accepting negative rather than positive risks and to expect short-term rather than long-term…

Describes how "magnitude estimation," a technique used in psychophysics, can be adapted for eliciting linguistic acceptability judgments. The article emphasizes that this technique solves the measurement scale problems plaguing conventional techniques and provides data that make fine distinctions robustly enough to yield statistically…

Analyzes advantages and disadvantages of methods of selecting sample sizes in multiple regression. Discusses importance of cross-validity to prediction studies. Describes categories of sample size selection methods: cross-validation approaches, rules of thumb, and statistical power methods. Uses multiple examples to present the precision power…

Effectiveness of assessment centers for personal selection in banking was tested with 135 applicants. Results do not support literature findings of the construct and criterion validity of centers. An exercise effect was apparent: judgments made by assessors were interpretable in terms of the exercises used rather than dimensions related to the…

Addresses the definition, assessment, predictive validity, demographic correlates, and promotion of critical thinking at the college level. Considers how although critical thinking potentially serves both as a predictor of college success and as a criterion of success, its greater utility may be as a predictor. (SG)

Found classified vocational aspirations of 467 male and 250 female Navy recruits superior to Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI). Predictions for subjects with coherent vocational aspirations were very predictive over short time interval. Hypothesized links between coherence of vocational aspirations and Identity Scale, NEO Personality Inventory…

A 22-year longitudinal study of the "Just Suppose" Test is reported. Five criteria of later achievement were correlated with such test measures as fluency, originality, and emotional expression. Correlation coefficients were statistically significant in 27 of the 35 cells with the overall Creativity Index being most predictive of…

In the area of developmental screening, predictive validity is typically assessed by two methods: correlational analysis and classificational analysis. This paper describes each methodology and reviews their relative advantages and disadvantages in relation to early identification of developmental handicaps and risks. (JOW)

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to examine the performance of several strategies for estimating the squared cross-validity coefficient of a sample regression equation in the context of best subset regression. Results concerning sample size effects and the validity of estimates are discussed. (TJH)

Critiques violence prediction via methods for quantifying accuracy that fail to control for base rates or biases and describes how receiver-operating characteristic analysis can compensate. Via reanalysis of datasets from previously published studies suggests that mental health professionals' violence predictions are substantially more accurate…