Changing Chinese address norms are discussed, including the term "tongzhi" ("comrade") and preferred use of official titles by some Chinese officials; use of traditional terms for "Mr.", "Mrs.", and "Miss"; second singular pronouns of "ni" and "nin"; address of women; and some…

Describes a study that analyzes narratives of sixth- and ninth-grade students for differences between male and female in T-unit length, clause length, and number of clauses per T-unit. No significant differences were found in the words per T-unit, the words per clause, or the use of verb extensions. (SED)

An approach to teaching grammar that combines an understanding of the error patterns of nonnative speakers and a theoretical model that describes that language is better suited than most to the actual audience of that instruction. (MSE)

Males (N=15) and females (N=15) in three age groups (children, adolescents, and adults) described a stimulus photograph for up to five minutes. These descriptions were transcribed and scored for frequency of language form and content. Analyses revealed significant sex differences in the form and content of spoken language. (BH)

Presents a writing assignment that requires lawyers in a technical writing class to address the needs of a client who is unhappy with a lawyer and with the language used by the lawyer in a legal document. (FL)

Presents a multilevel course model which applies English for Specific Purposes (ESP) principles to the design of teacher-training courses for "general" English as a Second Language teachers. The syllabus moves from content, through format and methodology, to the language required to understand content, while maintaining the subject-language link…

Describes the difficulties that students have in language use in the areas of math, social studies, science, and English as reported by high school teachers in Saskatoon and rural Saskatchewan. (CRH)

This article describes a set of exercises to be used in an English language course for adults. The exercises are designed to take into account (1) the human being and his or her language needs, (2) the structuring process of human speech, and (3) the foreign language itself. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

This paper provides a definition of communicaton applicable to second language teaching, and discusses the acquisition of basic skills, and the mental processes necessary for communication. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

A notional syllabus places the greatest emphasis on the use of the language, unlike most foreign language syllabuses, which emphasize its structural form. Each entry defines a type of purposeful communication. When the student has mastered the syllabus, he has thus acquired a communicative competence. (CFM)

This paper examines the effect which certain environmental variables have upon learning to speak English as a second language. (Author)

A major change in British language teaching is in emphasizing the use of language; knowledge of rules and vocabulary is insufficient if a student cannot communicate. This paper discusses five ways in which this idea is being introduced: in language functions, discourse, testing, reading and teaching in the foreign language. (CHK)

The object of this paper is to present and analyze some observations of the language children in 1st grade (6-7 years old) use when they talk about geometrical objects. The observations are made during a number of encounters with the pupils during one year. The work is part of an ongoing collaboration project between a university college and a…

This paper examines the different ways of forming negative sentences in the Chaamling language, an indigenous language spoken in the eastern, hilly districts of Nepal. It explains that negation, or negativization, in the Chaamling language is done with the help of affixation. In imperative sentences, the prefix mi- is added to the verb, which is…

A study examined repair in native-nonnative (Mandarin) speaker English conversation, focusing primarily on the previously unobserved lexical element "yeah" which occurs in a speaker's ongoing or same turn at talk. Conversational analysis was used to examine the data collected and transcribed. The data was composed of roughly 120 pages of…