Investigates the impact of high and low leader structure on self-actualization (Shostrom, 1966) for internal and external participants in a 23-hour marathon group experience. (Author/RK)

Suggests that it is more likely that it is the access to and the receiving of social rewards which strengthen that sense of internal control (personal control) which in turn leads to increased achievement. (Author)

Does measurement of intelligence through a concolidated score imply that two or more subjects obtaining the same score are also undergoing the same mental process? Introverts are supposed to opt for accuracy and extraverts for speed. Attempts to investigate the qualitative differences between extraverts and introverts on an intelligence test.…

Investigates the relationship between Rotter's (1966) Internality-Externality Scale and Kohlberg's (1971) Morality Scale. Specifically addresses the question of whether Rotter's internal individual will be functioning at a higher level of Kohlber's stages of morality than the external individual. (Author/RK)

The proposition that actors favor environmental attribution and observers personal attribution was investigated. Psychology students attributed causality from two perspectives for verbally-described behaviors. It was concluded that motivational considerations mediated actor-observer differences and that perspective differences represent a…

Presents a factor analysis of the responses of 170 Brazilian women to a Portuguese version of Rotter's I-E scale. "The analysis suggests the existence of two main independent factors, one which could be said to correspond to the original meaning intended for the scale and the other to the concept of fatalism."

Children differing in locus of control orientation (internals, mediums, and externals) were administered an extended coding task following either a fictional rationale for the study (purpose incentive statement) or no purpose. Implications of these findings for education and child-rearing are discussed. (Editor/RK)

To determine the interpersonal distancing requirements for emotionally disturbed and normal children and in order to investigate the relationship of locus of control and anxiety to interpersonal space, 20 emotionally disturbed and 20 normal boys (mean age 10 years) were randomly required to approach an object person and to let the object person…

Camps can increase campers' self-esteem through "I-Can't funerals," camper information forms, noncompetitive atmosphere, positive behavior management, Socratic rule deduction, camper selection of activities, public commendations, and de-emphasis of physical attractiveness. Effects on self-esteem are given for each suggestion. Sidebars…

Tested the malleability of two personality measures among recently widowed older adults in self-help support groups. Findings support the differentiation between the measures. The trait locus of control remained stable but the group intervention had a direct positive effect, reducing depression for those in the self-help support groups. (RJM)

This study tested the reliability and factorial validity of the Purposes for Engaging in Physical Activity Scale (PEPAS). The instrument is designed to measure motivational factors for the purpose of curricular decision making and curriculum research. (JD)

Compared 135 participants in the Forum, large group awareness training intervention, and 73 comparable peer-nominated controls. Subjects completed detailed questionnaires 4-6 weeks pre- and posttraining and again 18 months later. Short-term outcome analyses revealed that only perceived control was affected by Forum participation; no long-term…

The perceptions of parents and teachers of 24 children with learning disabilities regarding their children's or students' locus of control (LC) orientation were compared to the LC orientation held by the children themselves. While no significant differences were found between parents and children, teachers perceived students as more internally…

Results are reported from a study in which Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM) was used successfully to modify the behavior of students (N=55) with mild behavior problems. This method teaches individuals to reinforce or rebuke themselves for their own behavior. Also outlined are steps in implementing a CBM program. (IAH)

Analyzed the development of control orientation in 127 adolescents of 11-13 years and the relation between control orientation and mothers' child rearing practices. Results showed differential relations between child rearing practices and locus of control. Perceived internality increased and chance control decreased in early adolescence. (RJC)