Presents research patterned on two earlier studies by the Crandalls 1963, 1964 on the effects of praise, criticism, and nonreaction on 10-year-old children involved in a marble-dropping task. The subjects tended to increase in performance and decrease in achievement expectancy when criticized. Table, graphs, and bibliography. (RW)

Paper will appear in "Clinical Psychology and Personality: The Selected Papers of George A. Kelly , edited by Brendan A. Maher and published by John Wiley and Sons.

Data were collected during October, November, and December of 1967. Computations for this project were performed at the Indiana University Medical Research Computation Center.

For multi-subject experiments with all factors repeated (a single independent group of subjects), three multi-subject behavior functions are identified and analyzed. They are based on Shine's actualized and pure single-subject behavior functions extended to multi-subject experiments with some factors nonrepeated (several independent groups of…

Interviews were conducted with 723 individuals to determine: (1) if leisure activities have similar or disparate aggregate participation distributions; and (2) if a theoretical distribution describes aggregate participation in leisure. Weekly participation for 30 leisure activities was tested, and the results were compared with those in a national…

The Leisure Activity Survey is a large national data set collected in 1982 by the Bureau of the Census for the National Endowment for the Arts. Selected preliminary findings are discussed and several other uses of the data set are suggested. (Author/RM)

Reviews Hanson's findings that laboratory research tends to demonstrate a positive correlation between attitudes and behavior while field research does not. This article, by adding date of publication, shows that the trend over time, presumably because of improved methodology, is toward more positive correlations in both settings. (Author/JAC)

Maintains that sexual differentiation has been grossly neglected in the sociology of education, as it has in many other areas of sociology. Reviews recent research on the topic of sexual differentiation in education and suggests areas for additional research. For journal availability, see EJ 222 605. (Author/DB)

Female subjects acted out neutral messages to obtain gaze baseline, then positive or negative message to camera. Half used strong emotion; other half used weak emotion. Found more direct gaze was maintained when expressing strong emotion. Positivity-negativity of message did not affect gaze direction. (Author)

Asserts that psychologists can contribute to a reduction in national health expenditures by focusing on such illness- and accident-causing behaviors as smoking, alcohol use, improper diet, and speeding and the nonuse of seat belts in cars. (GC)

Problems in conducting research with public offenders include lack of: a systematic body of knowledge, avenues of dissemination of information, a data base describing the situation, and communication between researchers and criminal justice staff members. Ethical concerns need to be dealt with. (Author)

Analyzes and critiques an attempted application of cognitive dissonance and reactance concepts to a therapy analogue. An experiment by R. M. Gordon is discussed. Key prerequisites for dissonance arousal and for reactance induction were not present. Self-selection of volunteers for treatment is an unreported factor. Gordon replies to this critique.…