This study was supported in part by Contract No. N00014-67-A-011-007 with the Office of Naval Research.

Reprint of an extended report available from: J. Arbuthnot, N.Y. State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850.

Argues that using data collected at an individual level to make inferences concerning the effects of group level processes on individual behavior and attitudes often results in unrecognized inaccuracies. Demonstrates a multilevel approach for examining individual and group level influences of a social interaction variable on individual outcomes.…

This study examined the ability of the Listen and Look (LL) test of cross-modal perception and the Metropolitan Readiness Test (MRT) to predict reading achievement. Data from 79 first-grade pupils were analyzed. Both the LL and MRT demonstrated predictive validity. (Author/BW)

Results show very high correlations among scores on the Piagetian tasks and scores on the various biology tests. At least two formal operational tasks--the proportional and the combinatorial--can be used to predict academic performance in an introductory biology course. (RL)

Discusses limitations of generally accepted criteria for identifying the academically gifted. Recommends an identification process which equates precocity with academic talent by focusing on children who perform exceptionally well on advanced tests of specific subject matter. Notes that this process has been useful in identifying the gifted among…

Reviews previous research concerning locus of control and irrational beliefs. Presents a study of females in a weight control program, who exhibited no relationships between irrationality and locus of control. Subscales of the Irrational Beliefs Test varied with program success. Use of the Internal External Locus of Control Scale is questioned.…

Attempted to predict therapeutic persistence with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Results revealed only the discriminant function for males achieved a classification accuracy (60 percent) greater than chance expectations; male persisters tended to be less defensive while experiencing greater distress; and female persisters…

Sought to validate the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) as a predictor of affective response to stress. Two groups of male Army trainees participated in a group-ranking procedure. Findings suggested that affective response was a function of the interaction between DMI personality variables and type of situational threat. (Author)

Addressed relative validities of expressed choice v inventoried interests for predicting college major and career choice outcomes. Males provided data before college and three years later. Results highlight the importance of expressed interests in predicting vocational behavior and suggest ways in which expressed and inventoried interests might be…

A comparison of the difficulty in underlying structure of basal reading texts with the difficulty in surface structure raises questions on the validity of the Fry Readability Formula and other traditional readability formulas. (CJ)

The article describes the preschool screening test, "Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning" (DIAL), and reviews research findings on the test from 1973 through 1978. It is concluded that the DIAL is maintaining relatively high levels of criterion-related validity (both concurrent and predictive) when compared to other…

The article discusses fallacious aggregation of educational research data about individuals and/or groups (i.e., one not representing an appropriate real group or real individuals). Examples of four types of research are presented--real groups fallaciously aggregated, fallacious aggregates treated as real groups, real groups treated fallaciously,…