This document, one of four staff training units in a series designed to attack problems of sex bias in the counseling of women and girls, is intended to help counselors and counselor educators consider their knowledge of and attitudes toward the sex-limited status of women. In this unit, a staff training workshop strategy is presented to increase…

Encounter groups represent an attempt to apply group methods for the enhancement of personal awareness and the acceleration of personal growth among "normal" people. The extent to which an individual's moral values are modified by disclosure and discussion of these values in an encounter group setting was investigated with a group of nine…

Research indicates substantial evidence that, compared with competition, cooperation increases mutual friendliness and contact between individuals. The effects of cooperative and competitive experiences on the structure of student cliques in the classroom were examined. Seven classrooms of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students (N=117) were…

In a review of instruments measuring gender-related constructs, a number of shortcomings were found in existing scales. A new scale to measure sex-role attitudes was developed and tested by first proposing the construct of sex-role egalitarianism and then initiating the process of construct validation by developing a reliable measure of the…

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the college supervisor, supervising teacher, and laboratory school participant as perceived by those occupying the three interacting positions. Participants in the study responded to role perception instruments, and an analysis of variance was computed to determine whether significant…

The roles of counseling and counselors within the educational system have often been poorly defined. To investigate the current and desired role of student services counselors in a postsecondary institution, the perceptions of students, instructors, administrators and counselors were assessed by a questionnaire listing 79 possible counselor…

Organized as a bibliographic essay, this paper examines the many sources available for developing a theory of visual literacy. Several definitions are offered in order to clarify the meaning of the term "visual literacy" so that meaningful research can be conducted on the topic. Based on the review of resources, three recommendations are offered…

A study investigated perceived uncertainty in organizational environment as a predictor of four perceived role models in public relations professionals (expert prescriber, technical services provider, communication process facilitator, and problem solving process facilitator). Two 16-item scales measured the simple-complex and static-dynamic…

The problem of arrests not ending in conviction is described in terms of its magnitude and costs. Three major aspects of the role of the police in influencing what happens after arrest are studied. Factors such as tangible evidence and witnesses are influenced by the time between the offense and the arrest. The characteristics of the officers…

This research study investigated student perception of the social learning environment in biology, chemistry and physics courses. A stratified random sample of secondary schools from three regions was selected. The principal of each sampled school randomly selected a biology, chemistry or physics teacher who, in turn, randomly selected one of his…

Described is the social service delivery model of the Ochlocknee Project, a community based program for rural multiply handicapped preschoolers. Included is a job description for a staff social worker and detailed are objectives and procedures for three social service goals: identification and location of children with multiple handicaps;…

E. Husserl's concept of intentionality provides a conceptual perspective of interpersonal communication that suggests a notion of face-to-face communication called "interaction involvement." Structured along dimensions of awareness and responsiveness, interaction involvement explains interpersonal communication as a transactional relationship…

Four factors have been reported in the literature as being related to spatial test performance. This study investigated the main and interaction effects of sex, handedness, birth order, and experience on three different types of spatial performance; surface development, object rotation, and coordination of viewpoints. A total of 217 undergraduate…

Cognitive development and various educational implications are discussed in terms of Donald Saari's model of the interaction of a learner and the enviroment and the constraints imposed by the inefficiency of the learner's cognitive system. Saari proposed a hierarchical system of cognitive structures such that the relationships between structures…

This dissertation summary discusses a study to investigate the elementary school teacher role and its concomitant expectations as perceived by principals and teachers. Teachers were surveyed as to how they perceived their own roles and what they thought principals perceived the roles of teachers to be. Principals in those same schools were…