This paper describes a program of research into children's understanding of psychological principles underlying social behavior. An initial study had indicated that at about 10 years of age children knew many of the basic principles of social behavior and the rules for social control. Two strategies were developed to explore these findings in…

Noting that one means of better understanding the nature of cultural differences is to elucidate the cognitive differences between members of differing cultures, this paper examines Alexander Luria's sociohistorical theory of functional cognitive systems. The paper first describes Luria's notion of functional systems, the crux of which postulates…

The comparative validity of observations recorded by volunteer telephone crisis workers was examined. To assess workers' listening and response skills, an instrument was devised to rate callers' expressed stress level, confidence in self, confidence in using other community resources, and duration of stress. Groups of 10 workers were invited to…

The Communication Role Assessment Measure (CRAM) is an application of role theory to organizational communication. Using a communication-based taxonomy, CRAM was developed to integrate previous research in the field and to assess the following elements: the amount of time spent by members of an organization in selected communication roles; their…

The National Advisory Council on Adult Education (NACAE) is examined from the perspectives of various adult educators and the Council members themselves. Focus is on three areas: (1) the demographic characteristics of the thirty-seven people who have served on the NACAE since its inception in January, 1971; (2) Council member activities undertaken…

A SEMINAR IN THE VISUAL ARTS WAS HELD AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY TO DEFINE PROBLEM AREAS IN AND TO DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH PROPOSALS FOR ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION. OVER 40 PERSONS FROM A VARIETY OF PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES, PURSUITS, AND ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATED, ALLOWING HALF THEIR TIME TO SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION…

THE PURPOSES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO IDENTIFY THE CRITERIA USED BY ADOPTION WORKERS IN THEIR EVALUATION OF ADOPTIVE APPLICATIONS, TO DISCOVER WHETHER CASEWORKERS HAVE VARIOUS APPLICANT MODELS FOR DIFFERENT GROUPS OF CHILDREN, AND TO EXPLORE ATTRIBUTES OR ATTITUDES DIFFERENTIATING ACCEPTED AND REJECTED COUPLES. THREE PUBLIC AND FIVE PRIVATE AGENCIES…

DEVIANCE IS AN INTERACTIONAL PROCESS IN WHICH THE NORMS OF A SOCIAL GROUP HAVE BEEN VIOLATED BY AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS SUBSEQUENTLY LABELED DEVIANT BY THE GROUP. THUS SCHOOL DEVIANCE--UNDERACHIEVEMENT, MISBEHAVIOR, AND EARLY SCHOOL-LEAVING--IS A CONSEQUENCE OF AN ADVERSE SCHOOL-PUPIL INTERACTION IN WHICH THE SCHOOL IS AN EQUAL PARTNER. SEVERAL…

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PREREADING MEASURES OF VISUAL-MOTOR-PERCEPTUAL SKILLS AND READING ACHIEVEMENT WERE STUDIED. SUBJECTS WERE 172 FIRST GRADERS. PRETESTS AND POST-TESTS FOR WORD RECOGNITION, MOTOR COORDINATION, AND VISUAL PERCEPTION WERE ADMINISTERED. FOURTEEN VARIABLES WERE TESTED. RESULTS INDICATED THAT FORM-COPYING WAS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN…

TO DETERMINE HOW COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS ABOUT RULES OF BEHAVIOR AFFECT THE POSITION AND ROLE OF TEACHERS, INFORMATION ABOUT THE NORMATIVE STRUCTURE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WAS GAINED THROUGH USE OF ROLE NORM INVENTORIES ADMINISTERED TO 367 TEACHERS, 22 PRINCIPALS, 7 SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS, THE SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT, 603 CITIZENS, 56 COMMUNITY LEADERS,…

A DESCRIPTION IS MADE OF AN ATTEMPT TO APPLY TO FIRST GRADE READING INSTRUCTION THE IDEA THAT CHILDREN CAN BENEFIT WHEN THE TEACHING OF READING IS ADAPTED TO THEIR COGNITIVE STYLE. PRETESTING WAS DONE TO DISCOVER THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES IN LEARNING APTITUDES, AND THE TEACHING PROCEDURE WAS MODIFIED TO EMPHASIZE COMPARATIVELY STRONG ABILITIES.…

THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS MATERIAL ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF COGNITION. APPROXIMATELY 120 UNANNOTATED REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED TO DOCUMENTS DATING MAINLY FROM 1960 TO 1966. LISTINGS ARE PRIMARILY JOURNAL ARTICLES, CONFERENCE PAPERS, AND RESEARCH REPORTS. SOME OF THE SUBJECT AREAS INCLUDED ARE (1) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, (2) PIAGET'S THEORIES, (3)…

THE AMERICAN OPTICAL (AO) COMPANY'S SIGHT SCREENER, A PORTABLE BINOCULAR INSTRUMENT DESIGNED FOR MASS VISION TESTING, WAS EVALUATED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND READING AND STUDY SKILLS LABORATORY TO DETERMINE ITS CAPACITY TO IDENTIFY STUDENTS NEEDING PROFESSIONAL EYE EXAMINATIONS PRIOR TO READING INSTRUCTION. DATA FROM 106 PROBATIONARY FRESHMEN,…

THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH PROJECT WAS TO IDENTIFY THE ARTICULATORY INACCURACY PROFILES OF CHILDREN ACCORDING TO THE ETIOLOGY OF THE CONDITION PRODUCING THE SPEECH DIFFICULTY. DURING THE FIRST PHASE OF THE RESEARCH, A BATTERY OF TESTS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE ARTICULATORY PATTERNS, VERBAL INTELLIGENCE, AND AUDITORY PERCEPTION OF NORMAL CHILDREN…

THIS PROJECT ANALYZED A LONGITUDINAL READING PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GROWTH IN ABILITIES, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TESTS. APPROXIMATELY 60 PUPILS FROM CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL CLASSES RECEIVED INTENSIVE READINESS TRAINING IN VISUAL PERCEPTION, AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION, AND LANGUAGE SKILLS. ALL WERE TESTED AT 25-MONTH INTERVALS. ANALYSES…