This study describes a current attempt to design a comprehensive guidance system which will be an integral part of a program of individualized education and which serves the needs of all students at each academic level. Preliminary investigation has led to tentative specification of 12 components comprising the guidance system, five involving…

The hypothesis that students will express no preference between carrels and open table type of accommodation in a language laboratory was tested in a four-week study. Two identical rooms, one containing carrels and the other containing open tables, were connected to a single control room and used by 1,080 university students (enrolled in language…

In the spring of 1968, a research seminar was held at New York University's School of Law for the purpose of developing a basic rationale for university regulation of student conduct that would provide students with as much freedom as possible in the pursuit of their educational objectives. This document, prepared by 16 students and 4 faculty…

A token reinforcement system was introduced into a second grade classroom, and seven (out of 21) class members and the teacher were observed for 8 months. Each of the eight phases of the study lasted from 2 to 5 weeks. The first four phases established a base period and determined the separate effects of classroom rules, half hour academic…

Observational findings regarding differentiated child behavior in Follow Through classrooms for the year 1971 are presented. The interactional behavior of three groups of elementary school children from different classroom settings (Bank Street School for Children, an open classroom approach; Bank Street Follow Through, an open classroom approach;…

The present study investigated, within a role theoretical framework, the effect of different degrees of pupil imitation on male and female tutors' attitudes. Seventy-two sixth-grade boys and girls tutored second graders of the same sex. A 3 (Pupil Imitation: High, Medium, and Low) x 2 (Pupil Liking: High and Medium) x 2 (Sex) factorial design was…

This study investigated the effectiveness of an observational technique developed to study characteristics of the Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) system and the extent to which IPI adapts to individual student differences. Subjects for the study were students from a second grade IPI classroom of an inner-city public elementary school.…

This study identifies effective teacher strategies associated with student engagement in natural classrooms. "Student engagement" is defined as observable interest and/or attention to a learning task prescribed by the teacher. Twenty-four teachers and their students in the third and fourth grades in nine elementary schools in low-income areas in…

Reported is a study to determine any positive effects of a six-month inservice science program for elementary teachers and students. The study population consisted of 12 first- through sixth-grade teachers and their 313 pupils. Change in attitudes and practices of teachers was measured by comparing pre- and posttest scores on the Actual Science…

Many investigators have been interested in the development of techniques for remediating undersirable classroom behavior, but far less attention has been paid to physical, spatial and architectural variables which often set the occasion for inappropriate behavior in the classroom. The present study explored the relationships between these…

To give teachers help in understanding themselves better and in relating more positively to their students, small discussion groups were organized to provide maximum opportunities for teachers to express thoughts and feelings about themselves and about problems they were facing in the classroom that prevented them from relating positively to their…

The study was an experimental investigation of the effects of item difficulty and subject ability on subjects answer-changing behaviors. Subjects were administered an achievement test composed of items at three levels of difficulty via slides, followed by a printed copy of the test. Analyses revealed no effects attributable to subject ability.…

The Children's Perceived Powerfulness Scale (CPPS) was administered to 1200 suburban elementary grade school children. At each of four grade levels, three classes were designated as High Powerful (HP) and three as Low Powerful (LP). Results indicate that children in HP classes were viewed more favorably by their teachers, obtained higher scores on…

This research project investigated adolescent group activity in a high school. Using participant observation, the researcher joined small, informal student groups to be able to describe and explain inschool activities and their relations to other features of the school environment. During five months of daily interaction with the students, the…

One answer to standardized testing is the direct and continuous measurement of performance. Direct, continuous naturalistic observation of behavior yields a great deal of information per assessment unit. The information is precise and because it is direct, there is no question that it represents a "true sample" of the target behavior, as there is…