Intended for teachers, principals, and other school workers, this article suggests steps to help end emotional abuse of children and the resultant damage to their self-concepts. (MP)

Examined helping networks of older people in 10 different ethnic groups. Found that immigrants are more likely than native-born older people to have family members to turn to in times of need. Suggests major group differences exist in the helping networks of older people. (Author)

Studied frequency of occurrence of four different types of physical contact (touching, holding hands, sitting-on-lap, and hugging) in school-based helping interactions between nonprofessional child aides and young referred children. Frequency of contact behaviors did not relate either to adjustment status at referral or to intervention outcomes.…

Argues that strictly systematic methods of service delivery can lead to the failure of child welfare rather than to its success. Holds that the current system for dealing with child abuse, because of its lack of flexibility and its contradictory roles of helper and prosecutor, breaks down effective, informal helping systems. (Author/GC)

A review of the literature regarding paraprofessional services indicates that important and effective services have been provided for the consumer. Careful selection, training, supervision, and evaluation of the paraprofessional is necessary to ensure that the professional and paraprofessional become an effective team. (Author/BW)

Tested assumptions about behavioral cues that clients use to infer what helpers intend. Questions and acknowledgments were best predictors of client perceptions. Guiding was perceived more often than advisement actually occurred. Intention of communicating understanding of message shifted from reflection in the analogue to acknowledgment in the…

Consultation is a relationship between two or more professionals for the purpose of exchanging information and cooperation. Guidelines which define the consultation relationship include: (1) the job-centered relationship; (2) the strength-building relationship; (3) the communication relationship; and (4) the choice of action. (JN)

The preferences of sixth grade and tenth grade students for disabled vs nondisabled school counselors was assessed through a person perception instrument. The disabled counselor was preferred to the nondisabled counselor, regardless of the sex of the counselor or the sex and grade level of the student. (Author)

Examines the implied meanings of labels. Client, patient, and typical person were compared using semantic differential-type scales and the Personal Attribute Inventory. Although client and patient were each evaluated more negatively than was typical person, no significant differences were found between client and patient. (Author/BEF)

Teachers can be overly and adversely "helpful" when they perform tasks that students can perform and learn from. The best way to help students is to avoid doing for them what they can do for themselves. (CJ)

The author examines the proposition that public schools "help" students, considering educators' and students' viewpoints on what constitutes "help" and "personal benefit." (SJL)

Examines the consistency of various methods of measuring helping behavior. Questionnaires concerning helping behavior among 280 sixth graders and teachers' ratings were compared to measures of altruistic behavior and behavioral intention administered 2 years later. (CM)

Black and white subjects (N=80) of both sexes completed the Budner Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale and Hogan Scale for Empathy. Data revealed limited support for the hypothesis that tolerance for ambiguity and empathy was positively correlated for White students of both sexes and not correlated for Blacks. (NRB)

The nature of informal helping processes in Israeli and North American organizations are compatible, although differences are noted. Israeli managers perceive the helping interactions in their organizations to be more active and directive than their American counterparts. (Author/BEF)

Patients receiving insight therapy or behavior therapy sought informal counsel outside of therapy more often than did control subjects. Patients in the behavior-therapy group used more outside counsel than did those in the insight-therapy group. (Author)