A study was undertaken to determine how children of different ages used drawing to present an atypical situation, to what extent children's responses were governed by their increasing cognitive competence, and to what extent children's responses reflected an increasingly articulate grasp of the medium itself. A total of 137 children in…

The document describes a behavior modification program for adolescents in a residential treatment center and presents results of research which illustrate positive results. The self-instructional program focuses on teaching the adolescent self-verbalizations which are conducive to supportive behavior. Five phases are required. First, the…

Fifteen English-speaking and fifteen French-speaking preschool children were each videotaped during two play sessions, one with a native and one with a non-native peer. Length of verbal utterances toward the non-native listener was significantly lower than toward the native listener, supporting the notion that native speakers adapt the amount of…

A study explored the relationships between public relations practitioners' organizational roles and the type of evaluation methods they used on the job. Based on factor analysis of role data obtained from an earlier study, four organizational roles were defined and ranked: communication manager, media relations specialist, communication liaison,…

The use of self-monitoring and self-reported variability in cross-situational behavior to identify persons most likely to manifest covariation between their attitudes and behaviors was investigated. In the first session, subjects (N=102) completed Snyder's Self-Monitoring Scale, assessed their religious attitudes and indicated the extent to which…

The theoretical part of this study defines and clarifies the term "opinion," which is widely neglected in attitude research. It treats opinions in a phenomenological sense. Drawing upon the theory of Rokeach (1968) about "value attitude systems," the study constructs a model which considers opinion as a hierarchical structure…

A content analysis of scientific communication in the behavioral sciences from 1900 to 1970 was undertaken to ascertain whether or not a shift in orientation of research from negative to positive forms of social behavior has been occurring in recent years. Positive behaviors are those which emphasize the well-being and integrity of other persons…

Sixteen college students were measured for "skin conductance responses" (SCR) while they viewed four films on either a movie or a television screen in a study of selected media differences between theatrical film and television viewing. The students watched a bland (nonaggressive) and an aggressive film on one medium, then viewed two…

The effects of crowding and sex on reactions to a side-to-side invasion of personal space were examined. Male or female experimenters violated the personal space of 40 male and 40 female subjects who were sitting at library tables that were either crowded (several persons present) or uncrowded (subjects sat alone). The subjects' body movements,…

SINCE THE 19TH CENTURY, KYMOGRAPHIC RECORDING OF TOTAL AIR FLOW OUT OF THE MOUTH HAS BEEN USED TO DIAGNOSE THE VARYING DURATIONS AND DEGREES OF CONSTRICTIONS OF THE VOCAL TRACT DURING SPEECH. THE PRESENT PROJECT ATTEMPTS TO INTRODUCE A SECOND DIMENSION TO RECORDINGS OF AIR FLOW OUT OF THE MOUTH--NAMELY, CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF FLOW--ON THE…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO DISCUSS THE POSSIBILITY THAT SOME LINGUISTIC UNIVERSALS ARE, IN FACT, THE INEVITABLE RESULT OF UNIVERSAL MENTAL CAPACITIES. ONE SUCH UNIVERSAL IS SUGGESTED, AND THE ENTIRE QUESTION IS CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF CERTAIN THEORIES OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT--MAINLY PIAGET'S, AND SECONDARILY BRUNER'S AND VYGOTSKY'S.…

THIS PAPER IS AN EXPLORATION OF THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE COGNITIVE CAPACITIES OF HUMAN BEINGS, AS DELINEATED BY PSYCHOLOGY, ARE SEEN TO BE CONGRUENT WITH THE FINDINGS OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH, AND SOME SPECULATIONS ABOUT THE POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR LINGUISTIC RULES THAT MAY BE DISCOVERED THROUGH AN EXAMINATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE. IT IS…

RHYTHM IS ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE PROSODIC LEVEL OF SPEECH. THE BASIC UNITS OF RHYTHM, UPON WHICH ARE CARRIED MANY OTHER PROSODIC UNITS, ARE POINTS OR INTERVALS OF TIME. THE TIME INTERVALS BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE MAJOR STRESSES ARE HYPOTHESIZED TO REMAIN ROUGHLY EQUAL IN ENGLISH SPEECH, I.E., ENGLISH IS SAID TO BE A STRESS-TIMED LANGUAGE. IN ORDER…

THIS EXPERIMENT IS DESIGNED TO ULTIMATELY ESTABLISH A TECHNIQUE FOR STUDYING THE APHASIC'S ABILITY TO DEMONSTRATE HIS GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE. HOWEVER, BEFORE EXPOSING APHASICS TO THE TASK, AN EXPERIMENT WAS CARRIED OUT WITH NORMAL SUBJECTS (COLLEGE STUDENTS) TO OBTAIN BASELINE DATA. THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER…

THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE HOW TO USE NONVERBAL, VISUAL MATERIALS (VISUALS) IN PROMOTING THE ACQUISITION, RETENTION, AND TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE. VISUALS WERE SELECTED FOR SEVERAL LEARNING SITUATIONS WHICH REQUIRED STIMULUS-ORIENTED STUDENT RESPONSES. STUDENTS WERE REQUIRED TO PRACTICE THEIR LEARNING ACTIVITIES WITH THESE VISUALS, MAKING…