This study examined the effects of a particular model of direct instruction, focused instruction (FI), and two alternative student evaluation structures, individual learning expectations (ILE) and relative standing (RS), on students' mathematics achievement and attitudes. Results indicated that focused instruction and certificates of recognition…

Discusses the problems involved in matching differences between learners and differences between different types of media to improve the learning process. Thirty-eight references are cited. (CHC)

Supports the proposition that orthopedically handicapped children are deficient in communication skills development. Increased contact with peers, through integrated classrooms, overcomes this deficiency to a certain degree. None of the children--handicapped or not, in integrated or in segregated classes--seem able to adapt their communication…

Provides general guidelines for conducting educational research in the field of individualized instruction. (CS)

A life-span human development model of learning in early childhood is presented. Learning is viewed as a human enterprise which spans the entire lifetime and involves interaction among people. The bounds of interaction are derived from philosophy and from the biological and social behavioral sciences. (JN)

Ten 'informal' and ten matched 'comparison' classrooms were observed using the Pupil Activity Scan. Year-end testing indicated no differences in language development, problem solving, fine motor-figural perception, role taking, or understanding of classification, but informal classroom pupils appeared to be lower in reading and mathematics…

Speculates on how central concepts in Basil Bernstein's work can, with some revision, yield a descriptive-analytic framework for the study of communicative competence, particularly in its developmental sense. (PD)

Normative stress in families results whenever components are added to or subtracted from a family system. Due to the process of family boundary maintenance, there is little similarity in family structures across time. Family structures constantly change to facilitate the accomplishment of functions while maintaining family boundaries. (Author)

Examines differences in course performance and attitude of college students identified by the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale as external and those identified as internal. An interaction was found between the type of reinforcement expected, type of pacing treatment, and course performance. References are included. (Author/BK)

Describes the philosophy of, efforts to develop, and two-year outcomes of a child-care center for preschool children and infants. (DB)

An interactionism framework was used to examine relations between children's affective characteristics, intellectual ability, and personality in different perceived school environments. Over 500 12-year-old Australian children were studied and possible linear, curvilinear, and interaction associations among the variables were investigated.…

The research of the 1970s reflects a move away from a unidirectional model toward a reciprocal model of causality. The importance of studying a broader context of interaction than mothers and children or fathers and children in isolation has been emphasized repeatedly. (Author)

Discusses the necessity of student-student interactions for enhancing achievement, socialization, and healthy psychological development. Presents evidence concerning the constructive impact of the appropriate use of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures and the power of effectively managed controversy within the classroom.…

Examines the communicative behaviors of subordinate groups with dominant social groups. Analyzes the following forms of communication performed by and seen from the perspective of a lower-statused person communicating with a higher-statused person: tomming, passing, shucking, and dissembling. (PD)

Discusses the coercive controls imposed upon Blacks during slavery, including regimenting their lives, restricting their learning experiences, limiting their opportunities to communicate, and prescribing demeaning role behavior. Rhetorical strategies employed by Blacks included a defensive posture of accommodation and a more aggressive behavior of…