The objective of the study was to (1) systematically study the process by which small group cooperation develops and to (2) produce guidelines that will be useful to teachers. The sample consisted of 84 seventh grade boys and girls of middle class families. Three randomly assigned samples (rotating, solid, and control) comprised the experimental…

The use of apparatus in the teaching of mathematics seems to aid children in performance on tests of spatial ability. (SD)

This paper discusses a study undertaken to determine the influence of Catholic parents on the prayer-related religious behavior of their adolescent children from 1963 to 1974. Frequency of prayer was selected as a measure of religious behavior because, while it is a traditional behavior which indicates the intensity of one's religious belief, it…

This report describes a technique developed as part of the As Parents Grow Older (APGO) Project at the University of Michigan Institute of Gerontology which uses audiotape recordings in the analysis and evaluation of group intervention programs such as those designed to aid middle-aged adults in understanding and caring for their aging parents and…

A paper by Keenan and Klein (1975) provided evidence for the hypothesis that conversationality is present in children as young as 2 and 1/2 years of age. Results of the study indicated that before the emergence of more adult-like coherency operations, the children passed through a period in which such operations were foreshadowed by vocal play.…

The ontogenetic development of human vocal utterances and their role in early interaction processes were studied with a three-month-old baby. Recordings were made of infant vocalizations in the home and the sounds were classified. During a five-minute segment between the mother and infant, the infant produced 59 utterances, 93 percent of which had…

Of primary interest in this study was the effect of general ability on learning. It was hypothesized that students higher in general ability would obtain higher posttest scores on the average than lower ability students, and that verbal and figural explanatory supplements to minimal instructional materials would reduce the regression of general…

Initially, many children use language with enthusiasm and apparent ease, but this lively use of language is sharply curtailed shortly after they begin school. This can be attributed to teachers' monopolizing continued discourse. A study explored the idea that increased student oral participation by more students at a higher level of thinking would…

Defining cognitive style as the modes an individual uses in perceiving, organizing, and labelling aspects of his or her environment, this paper is the first in a series concerning some implications of a learner's cognitive style for the development of reading competence. The paper identifies nine dimensions of cognitive style and then provides a…

A three-year project conducted in 2 Indianapolis, Indiana, public elementary schools involved three phases: (1) the study of teacher, student, and school program needs in the teaching and learning of reading and writing; (2) teacher and administrator inservice education; and (3) curriculum development and implementation. The inservice component…

This booklet describes a foundation for effective classroom management and focuses on some of the basic processes involved in creating a cooperative atmosphere in the classroom. Four topics are considered: the beginning of the school year, selecting and arranging activities, monitoring and timing activities in the classroom, and stopping…

This paper considers a distinction frequently used in sociolinguistics and ethnography of speaking to describe speech events: their formality or informality. Three principle meanings of "formality" found in the literature concern whether the formality relates to properties of a communicative code, properties of the social setting in…

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teacher behaviors and pupil behaviors, achievement, and attitudes. The study was conducted in six elementary school classrooms. Eight high-inference scales were also used to obtain measures of classroom management, instructional skills, and interpersonal skills. It was…

The relationship between teachers' expectations of students' communicative competence in the classroom and certain aspects of teachers' language during interaction with students was investigated in a study involving 55 nursery school and primary school children and their seven female teachers. The teacher expectation model used in the study…

A study involving 16 elementary school teachers and 32 low social status children was conducted to improve the social status of target classrooms through the implementation of an "in situ" Computer Assisted Teacher Training System (CATTS) intervention. During the treatment phase, teachers in Group 1 (n=8) received 12 CATTS post-session…