According to the internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model (H. W. Marsh, 1986), students not only compare their own abilities in a domain with those of other students (social comparison), they also compare their own achievements in different domains (internal comparison). The main purpose of this study was to investigate internal comparison…

Variable--and person--focused approaches were applied to study the resilient outcomes of 326 Greek male and female 1st year university students at a major educational transition point. Results indicated that resilience was related to both cognitive and behavioural psychosocial resources in late adolescence. Locus of control emerged as an important…

"If at first you don't succeed, try, try again." This is a well-known adage with which many are familiar. Children learn it from an early age as they begin to walk, ride their bike, or tie their shoes. Adults repeatedly encourage children by saying, "You can do it! Give it a try! Just try harder!" However, when trying harder…

Some researchers have likened an abusive relationship to the conditions encountered by hostages or prisoners of war. To better understand abusive relationships, a summary of research related to violence in dating relationships, with a particular emphasis on college students, is presented here. The review begins with a description of the most…

Children presently in school face a multitude of problems new and unique to their age group. To combat these problems educators must find new solutions and search out ways of reaching young people before it is too late for them to respond. By examining locus of control, and showing an effective treatment program for transitioning from externality…

This study examined the relationship between children's environmental attitudes and their perceived competence and locus of control. The study sample consisted of 171 children in grades 3, 4, and 5. Children completed the Children's Attitudes Toward the Environment Scale (CATES) and the Janus Environmental Attitudes Scale (JEAS), which assessed…

Little is known about the students and teachers in high schools for the visual and performing arts. This study was conducted to examine the affective dimensions, particular needs and interests, and distinct patterns of characteristics of these students and teachers. Students (N=191) and artist/teachers (N=102) in high schools for the visual and…

The purpose of this study was to investigate three types of academic advisement used in computer based instruction (CBI) with learner controlled conditions and their effects when used among learners of varying locus of control orientation. There were three advisement treatments: (1) adaptive, which gives information related to the amount of…

Educators are meant to chip away the defensive facades so many at-risk student build around themselves so that the achiever inside can be released. Teachers, counselors, and administrators can help at-risk students claim self-esteem; move away from external to internal source of motivation; and take responsibility for their own lives by employing…

Conducted in two phases, this study compared students' affective characteristics (locus of control, academic motivation, and self concept) at schools that were identified as either more effective or less effective. In phase one, fourth, fifth, and sixth graders from seven Title I schools in a New England city (n=1,373) were tested on ability and…

Four null hypotheses were formulated to test for relationships between pairs of identical and fraternal twins and their parents on measures of locus of control. Two additional hypotheses were formulated to test for differences between mean scores of identical and fraternal twins and scores of their parents on these same constructs. Twenty pairs of…

Presents evidence that there are relatively stable individual differences in the belief in a just world and that these differences may underlie the ways in which people react to victimized persons and groups, both outside and inside the experimental laboratory. (Author/AM)

Focused on the effects of difficulty level and choice of difficulty level on the engagement of students working CAI (computer-assisted instruction) math problems, possible patterns of student choices, and the relationship of locus of control measures to choice of difficulty levels. (Author/BJG)

An experiment was conducted to investigate variables which affect a communicator's attribution of freedom to a communicatee. As predicted, greater freedom was attributed to the communicatee (1) when the reaction to the communication was favorable, and (2) when a subsequent communication was to be directed toward the same communicatee. (Author)

In a study comparing a traditional school with a community control school on the social psychological aspects of locus of control and pupils' attitudes toward school, the community control school children were more internal with respect to general life situations, perceived their teachers more positively and as making fewer decisions and…