Four null hypotheses were formulated to test for relationships between pairs of identical and fraternal twins and their parents on measures of locus of control. Two additional hypotheses were formulated to test for differences between mean scores of identical and fraternal twins and scores of their parents on these same constructs. Twenty pairs of…

Presents evidence that there are relatively stable individual differences in the belief in a just world and that these differences may underlie the ways in which people react to victimized persons and groups, both outside and inside the experimental laboratory. (Author/AM)

Focused on the effects of difficulty level and choice of difficulty level on the engagement of students working CAI (computer-assisted instruction) math problems, possible patterns of student choices, and the relationship of locus of control measures to choice of difficulty levels. (Author/BJG)

An experiment was conducted to investigate variables which affect a communicator's attribution of freedom to a communicatee. As predicted, greater freedom was attributed to the communicatee (1) when the reaction to the communication was favorable, and (2) when a subsequent communication was to be directed toward the same communicatee. (Author)

In a study comparing a traditional school with a community control school on the social psychological aspects of locus of control and pupils' attitudes toward school, the community control school children were more internal with respect to general life situations, perceived their teachers more positively and as making fewer decisions and…

A framework is suggested for the cross-cultural study of motivation that stresses the importance of contextual conditions in eliciting achievement motivation and emphasizes cultural relativity in the definition of the concept. (EH)

Assesses the locus of control orientation within an alcoholic population and relates this orientation to the degree of cognitive dysfunction. Results suggest that female alcoholics, specifically those who need inpatient treatment, may be a relatively more disturbed group compared to alcoholic male inpatients. (Author/PC)

It was hypothesized that structured training would cause an increase in the ability to discriminate helpful counseling conditions and a shift toward the internality dimension of locus of control. Results indicate that changes in counseling skill and personality orientation may be effected in very brief but structured training programs. (Author/PC)

This is an investigation of a college freshman sample of the relationship between the Strong Vocational Interest Blank, Form T399, and the Rotter Internal-External Control of Reinforcement Scale (I-E scale) which measures locus of control of reinforcement. (Author)

The study examined how the coping behaviors and achievement motivation of 181 athletes (aged 18-66) with cerebral palsy or other physical disabilities influence participation in the normalized activity of competitive sport. The project examined the following cognitive aspects of performance: (1) reasons for becoming involved in sports; (2) how the…

The effects of childhood physical and sexual abuse on the development of alcoholism in women was examined by comparing 127 alcoholic women in treatment with two comparison groups. One comparison group was comprised of 83 nonalcoholic women in mental health treatment or receiving services for battering. The second comparison group consisted of 92…

Alcoholism is a complex behavior pattern. Social learning theory, which is concerned with the analysis of why individuals behave in certain ways and the effects of reinforcement patterns in their behaviors, offers an alternative to traditional treatments of alcoholics. Among alcoholics, drinking is a control issue. Locus of control is viewed as a…

A report is given on findings of research studies on how teachers respond to attempts to implement educational innovations. In many cases, teachers believe their future in relation to the innovation is determined not by them, but by some superordinate. Other teacher responses may be the conviction that the change will soon fade away as other fads…

Arguments and research studies examining whether people prefer arbitration or mediation to resolve a conflict between disputing parties are discussed, critiqued, and compared. In both mediation and arbitration a presumably neutral third party is involved, along with disputants, as an element of the dispute-resolution process. Mediation and…

Previous research on the public's response to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been concerned with attitudes and knowledge in relation to the disease itself. This study investigated people's willingness to interact with individuals with AIDS in the workplace. Participants (N=358) were college students with an average age of 25.…