This study examined: (1) the expectations of black and white lower class first graders for their own performance in reading, arithmetic, and conduct; (2) racial differences in the relationship between parental expectations and IQ; (3) correlation between the absences and lateness of first graders with reading and arithmetic marks and with parental…

The impact of financial aid in helping a student stay in college is examined from data collected in 1972 from students who entered college in 1968. The findings include: (1) Students, especially men, who rely on loans for support during college increase their chances of dropping out. (2) Students who rely on scholarships or grants increase their…

In an attempt to specify the nature of the variables associated with socioeconomic status, Jensen has proposed a two-level model of mental abilities. The first level represents associative learning. The second level involves higher-order conceptualization, and problem solving. The purpose of the present study was to develop a matrix completion…

This book describes and interprets several key experiences among blacks according to the variables of time, age, sex, geographic location, vicissitudes in the local community and larger society, level of achievement, and social class status. Special attention is given to experiences related to selected aspects and conditions characteristic of the…

Based on 3,522 one- to two-hour personal interviews conducted in 1973, this study compares the 1973 views and attitudes of American youth to a survey conducted in the late 1960's. As a result, significant trends are traced through an era filled with events that deeply affected the lives of young people, such as the peak and ending of the Vietnam…

Two parallel and complementary studies of Language Modelling and its relation to the development of communicative competence in the young child are reported. Over a 6-month period, Study 1 involved weekly naturalistic observations (in the home) of the nature and quality of the linguistic stimulation offered by mothers to their children between 2…

This work is a further validation of the findings of an earlier study of the development of a listening test to identify educational potential of disadvantaged Negro junior high school boys. The present study also sought to determine if the experimental boy's listening test (BoLT) is applicable to other ethnic and income level groups. The Bolt, a…

Ten normal white babies of middle class parents from the United States and 11 from Holland were observed for one 3-hour period every 2 weeks for the first 3 months of life. The observation form called for an observation about every 5 minutes, about 36 observations per visit. Although all the data on the American babies have not been completely…

Observational research was conducted in homes with a wide socioeconomic range to identify the major factors of experience that affect the development of a child's abilities. Thirty children, aged 12 to 36 months, were observed in three aspects of their environment: Human (family and peers), Static Physical (home and neighborhood), and Range of…

The contents of this book, which is an attempt to get beneath the rhetoric and the stereotyped response, to see how conservatives and liberals and radicals (black and white) as well as students and teachers, professors and politicians and policemen, northerners and southerners, integrationists and separatists, see race relations today, are…

The study reported here was an attempt to systematically manipulate certain factors which might be responsible for the poor communicational performance of lower socioeconomic status children. The major questions raised were: Can differences in task difficulty, perceptual characteristics of the task, and task instructions attenuate or eliminate…

This paper reports the results of two related studies. The primary purpose of the first study (involving both nursery and first grade subjects) was to determine what evidence there is of two distinct processes basic to the control over the initiation and inhibition of inappropriate behavior on the Luria task. In the second study the focus of…

A day care center operated by American Child Centers, Inc. of Nashville, Tennessee, a private nonfranchise corporation, is described. Program emphasis is placed on the emotional, social and physical development of the child, as opposed to custodial care, or services to parents or the community. Careful cost-accounting methods are used to make the…

This book examines various types of the disadvantaged in the United States, uncovers reasons for the multifaceted problem of social deprivation, and indicates constructive ways, through education, of helping the disadvantaged. Attention is also focused on the poor and disadvantaged in foreign lands. There are ten parts to the volume: the…

The major objective of this series of studies was to clarify the concept of mastery motivation and to develop measures of this concept applicable to 1-year-old children. Three studies were made with 44 infants, aged 12 to 13 months. The first study, "Aspects of Mastery Motivation and Cognitive Functioning," utilized structured situations…