Aspects of problem-solving measured here are delay of gratification, field-dependence independence, and the relection-impulsivity dimension. The following hypotheses are proposed (1) Those subjects who score high on externality will not delay gratification as those who score low, but they will score lower on measures on field-independence than…

Twenty primary grade teachers of inner-city, lower class, Afro-American students and 20 primary grade teachers of suburban middle class white students were interviewed using George A. Kelly's 'Rep Test' technique, in order to elicit the categories or constructs through which they customarily perceived their students. Two judges applied content…

Class awareness among rural children was investigated in three dimensions: cognitive, behavioral, and evaluative. Data were obtained from 378 white students in grades K-8 in 9 rural elementary schools in the Upper Cumberland region of middle Tennessee. Children's social class background (SES) was determined by their father's occupational strata…

This paper presents a comprehensive review of research literature in the area of interracial awareness development in preschool children and highlights key issues for future research. An historical look at the study of racial attitudes reveals three major research techniques. The first type utilizes pictures, line drawings, or actual photos. The…

Perceptions of elementary school students in selected schools of Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota toward the world, China, India, and Nigeria are investigated. The study includes a review of related literature, a review of existing research on children's attitudes toward American and other nations, and recording and interpreting approximately 300…

This report presents data concerning the validity of a set of experimental computerized and paper-and-pencil tests for measures of on-job performance on global and job elements. It reports on the usefulness of 30 experimental and operational variables for predicting marks on 42 job elements and on a global criterion for Electrician's Mate,…

Sex differences in cerebral organization and functioning, and the apparent superiority of males in spatial ability are examined in this paper. Attention is given to several kinds of cognitive and perceptual tasks in which sex differences in spatial ability have been shown to exist; among these are tasks involving: (1) recall and detection of…

The study examined leadership in schools as interaction between principals and teachers. The leadership process was conceptualized as the exercise of influence. The concept of ascriptive status was utilized to describe women as atypical and men as typical principals. Teachers responded to protocols depicting leader influence and cultural status.…

This paper discussed a stage theory of childhood, preadolescent, and adolescent concepts of role-relationships and social reasoning in friendship. It was hypothesized that these concepts develop through levels of perspective-taking, within which individuals view and structure interpersonal relationships. At level one, relationships are based on…

This report summarized the results of a 5-year research investigation of the anti- and prosocial effects of television on children. At the outset of the investigation the focus of emphasis was on analyzing the possible antisocial effects of television on children, but about midway through the project the research was expanded to include possible…

Curriculum reformers in the United Kingdom who have expressed concern with the failure of the research, development, and diffusion model to implement inquiry/discovery learning have tended to offer a problem-solving approach to foster innovation at the classroom level. This approach is illustrated in the Ford Teaching Project, sponsored by the…

This report is one of a regular series on the status and progress of studies on the nature of speech, instrumentation for its investigation, and practical applications. Manuscripts and extended reports cover the following topics: iconic storage, voice-timing perception, oral anesthesia, laryngeal function, electromyography of speech production,…

The study presented here was designed to further the understanding of black student performance in biracial, academic settings. The purpose of the research was to assess the association between black students' perceptions of prejudice among white instructors and grade deflection (discrepancy between grade expected and grade received) in the…

This exploratory module is designed to provide an opportunity for the learner to become more aware of self and to share this awareness with another. Specific activities are described to enable the learner to discover: (a) the sharing of experience; (b) who one is and who one pretends to be; (c) responsibilities that force the learner to say "I…

Preliminary research testing the reliability and the validity of the "Thinking About My School" (TAMS) instrument is reported, and extensive data and analyses are included for the benefit of those who wish to do further evaluative work. Instructions for scoring and appropriate conditions for administering TAMS to students with low…