Study result with Negro and Caucasian males of high and low socioeconomic status indicate that generally the respondents reflected a high level of success orientation, a moderate distribution of ambition reduction and a less pervasive level of the deviant orientation (acquiring desired ends by illicit means). Such observation appears to reflect…

Investigates time spent speaking by teacher and by pupils, the length of pupil classroom speeches, the range of individual differences in frequency and length of speech, the distribution of voluntary and nonvoluntary pupil speeches and their distribution among three categories: management, substantitive, and prohibitory. (Author)

It was concluded that neither the sex of the listener nor the interaction of sex of listeners and sex of speakers were of much consequence in determining the listening scores of the subjects of this experiment. (Author)

Article stresses the effect of physical environment on a conference's success or failure. Further research into what constitutes the best setting and how to achieve it is urged. More study is also needed of how individuals at conferences interact with each other and with the physical setting. (PD)

With an example of OScAR 5V records from four seventh-grade classrooms, this article illustrates the fact that conclusions in any study depend on decision-making processes. Careful examination of the decision-making process is suggested since resulting judgments and implications are rarely scrutinized. (CK)