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Cordes, Sara; Brannon, Elizabeth M. – Developmental Psychology, 2009
Although young infants have repeatedly demonstrated successful numerosity discrimination across large sets when the number of items in the sets changes twofold (E. M. Brannon, S. Abbott, & D. J. Lutz, 2004; J. N. Wood & E. S. Spelke, 2005; F. Xu & E. S. Spelke, 2000), they consistently fail to discriminate a twofold change in number when one set…
Descriptors: Infants, Number Concepts, Discrimination Learning, Visual Discrimination
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Rae, Babette; Heathcote, Andrew; Donkin, Chris; Averell, Lee; Brown, Scott – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Decision-makers effortlessly balance the need for urgency against the need for caution. Theoretical and neurophysiological accounts have explained this tradeoff solely in terms of the "quantity" of evidence required to trigger a decision (the "threshold"). This explanation has also been used as a benchmark test for evaluating…
Descriptors: Decision Making Skills, Reaction Time, Evidence, Accuracy
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Anzures, Gizelle; Quinn, Paul C.; Pascalis, Olivier; Slater, Alan M.; Lee, Kang – Developmental Science, 2010
The present study examined whether 6- and 9-month-old Caucasian infants could categorize faces according to race. In Experiment 1, infants were familiarized with different female faces from a common ethnic background (i.e. either Caucasian or Asian) and then tested with female faces from a novel race category. Nine-month-olds were able to form…
Descriptors: Infants, Classification, Race, Visual Perception
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Rosa-Salva, Orsola; Regolin, Lucia; Vallortigara, Giorgio – Developmental Science, 2010
It is currently being debated whether human newborns' preference for faces is due to an unlearned, domain-specific and configural representation of the appearance of a face, or to general mechanisms, such as an up-down bias (favouring top-heavy stimuli, which have more elements in their upper part). Here we show that 2-day-old domestic chicks,…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Neonates, Visual Perception, Animals
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Stormer, Viola S.; Passow, Susanne; Biesenack, Julia; Li, Shu-Chen – Developmental Psychology, 2012
Attention and working memory are fundamental for selecting and maintaining behaviorally relevant information. Not only do both processes closely intertwine at the cognitive level, but they implicate similar functional brain circuitries, namely the frontoparietal and the frontostriatal networks, which are innervated by cholinergic and dopaminergic…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Genetics, Cognitive Development, Short Term Memory
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Peyrin, C.; Lallier, M.; Demonet, J. F.; Pernet, C.; Baciu, M.; Le Bas, J. F.; Valdois, S. – Brain and Language, 2012
A dissociation between phonological and visual attention (VA) span disorders has been reported in dyslexic children. This study investigates whether this cognitively-based dissociation has a neurobiological counterpart through the investigation of two cases of developmental dyslexia. LL showed a phonological disorder but preserved VA span whereas…
Descriptors: Evidence, Attention Span, Dyslexia, Attention
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Singh, Niharika; Mishra, Ramesh Kumar – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2012
Though many previous studies have reported enhanced cognitive control in bilinguals, few have investigated if such control is modulated by language proficiency. Here, we examined the inhibitory control of high and low proficient Hindi-English bilinguals on an oculomotor Stroop task. Subjects were asked to make a saccade as fast as possible towards…
Descriptors: Evidence, Indo European Languages, Interference (Learning), Bilingualism
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Costa, Albert; Hernandez, Mireia; Costa-Faidella, Jordi; Sebastian-Galles, Nuria – Cognition, 2009
We report two experiments exploring more in detail the bilingual advantage in conflict resolution tasks. In particular, we focus on the origin of the bilingual advantage on overall reaction times in the flanker task. Bilingual and monolingual participants were asked to perform a flanker task under different task versions. In Experiment 1, we used…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Monolingualism, Conflict Resolution, Reaction Time
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Koh, Hwan Cui; Milne, Elizabeth; Dobkins, Karen – Neuropsychologia, 2010
The magnocellular (M) pathway hypothesis proposes that impaired visual motion perception observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) might be mediated by atypical functioning of the subcortical M pathway, as this pathway provides the bulk of visual input to cortical motion detectors. To test this hypothesis, we measured luminance…
Descriptors: Autism, Adolescents, Motion, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Ratcliff, Roger; Smith, Philip L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2010
The authors report 9 new experiments and reanalyze 3 published experiments that investigate factors affecting the time course of perceptual processing and its effects on subsequent decision making. Stimuli in letter-discrimination and brightness-discrimination tasks were degraded with static and dynamic noise. The onset and the time course of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Visual Discrimination, Color
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Tolchinsky, Liliana; Levin, Iris; Aram, Dorit; McBride-Chang, Catherine – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012
Preschoolers' metalinguistic and visual capabilities may be associated with the writing system of their culture. We examined patterns of performance in phonological awareness, naming of letters, morphological awareness, and visual-spatial relations, in 5-year-old native speakers of Spanish (n = 43), Hebrew (n = 40), and Cantonese (n = 63) and the…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Native Speakers, Phonological Awareness, Naming
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Hemker, Laura; Granrud, Carl E.; Yonas, Albert; Kavsek, Michael – Infancy, 2010
Two preferential-reaching experiments explored 5- and 7-month-olds' sensitivity to pictorial depth cues. In the first experiment, infants viewed a display in which texture gradients, linear perspective of the surface contours, and relative height in the visual field provided information that two objects were at different distances. Five- and…
Descriptors: Cues, Infants, Pictorial Stimuli, Visual Perception
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Woods, Rebecca J.; Wilcox, Teresa – Developmental Psychology, 2010
The ability to individuate objects is one of our most fundamental cognitive capacities. Recent research has revealed that when objects vary in color or luminance alone, infants fail to individuate those objects until 11.5 months. However, color and luminance frequently covary in the natural environment, thus providing a more salient and reliable…
Descriptors: Infants, Color, Lighting, Visual Stimuli
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Verbeke, Aynsley K.; Martin, Garry L.; Thorsteinsson, Jennifer R.; Murphy, Colleen; Yu, C. T. – Journal of Behavioral Education, 2009
Level 6 of the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) assesses the ease or difficulty with which persons with developmental disabilities are able to learn a two-choice auditory-visual discrimination. We investigated whether participants who passed ABLA Level 6 (Group 1) would more readily learn object naming (vocal tacts) than those who…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Developmental Disabilities, Visual Discrimination, Adjustment (to Environment)
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Johnson, Scott P.; Fernandes, Keith J.; Frank, Michael C.; Kirkham, Natasha; Marcus, Gary; Rabagliati, Hugh; Slemmer, Jonathan A. – Infancy, 2009
The experiments reported here investigated the development of a fundamental component of cognition: to recognize and generalize abstract relations. Infants were presented with simple rule-governed patterned sequences of visual shapes (ABB, AAB, and ABA) that could be discriminated from differences in the position of the repeated element (late,…
Descriptors: Infants, Age Differences, Visual Discrimination, Pattern Recognition
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