While all six misarticulating children evidenced generalization, individual differences in learning patterns did emerge. These patterns were explained in terms of three factors: information about the children's unique knowledge about the phonologic system, the linguistic relationships among sounds, and the interaction of these factors with the…

This study investigates whether generalizing performance-scores of various hidden figures tests is justifiable. The test characteristics of embeddedness and norm figure uncertainty were systematically varied following a repeated measurement design. The generalizability of these test characteristics appeared to be limited. (Author/BW)

Reliability generalization (RG) is a measurement meta-analytic method used to explore the variability in score reliability estimates and to characterize possible sources of the variance. Summarizes some RG considerations, and suggests how confidence intervals might be portrayed graphically. (SLD)

Used reliability generalization to study five versions of the Working Alliance Inventory (A. Horvath, 1981; WAI), analyzing 67 internal consistency estimates, 6 interrater reliability estimates, and 4 study characteristics. In general WAI scale scores appear to be robust. (SLD)

Describes how the assumptions underlying the use of multiple regression are not satisfied in reliability generalization studies and introduces mixed effects modeling to overcome many shortcomings of traditional approaches. Provides an example using results from the Beck Depression Inventory. (SLD)

The neural net model of J. E. R. Staddon and A. K. Reid (1990) explains exponential and Gaussian generalization gradients in the same way as the diffusion model of R. N. Shepard (1958). The cognitive generalization theory of Shepard (1987), also implemented as a connectionist network, goes beyond both models in accounting for classification…

An account of the generalization that geminate inalterability is avoidable only in the domain of lenition processes is discussed that is couched within a general optimality theoretic treatment of lenition in which a scalar effort minimization constraint interacts with a set of lenition-blocking constraints. (Author/VWL)

Examined the relationships between the latencies of theoretically corresponding and noncorresponding component processes across diverse tasks derived from the structure of intellect model. Results for 72 participants provide evidence that corresponding component processes are generalizable while noncorresponding component processes are not. (SLD)

We studied the effects of delayed constructed-response identity marching on spelling with 6 first graders with histories of school failure. After training, the children learned to spell words to dictation and their cursive writing improved. These results replicate studies showing that delayed constructed-response matching establishes spelling. For…

Three experiments with a novel variation of the inductive generalization procedure examined 18- and 22-month-olds' knowledge of objects' motion properties. Infants observed simple air and land movements modeled with an appropriate category member (e.g. dog) or an ambiguous block and were allowed to imitate with one or more of four exemplars. The…

Early theories of categorization assumed that either rules, or prototypes, or exemplars were exclusively used to mentally represent categories of objects. More recently, hybrid theories of categorization have been proposed that variously combine these different forms of category representation. Our research addressed the question of whether there…

Purpose: Semantic feature analysis (SFA) was used to determine whether training contextually related words would improve the discourse of individuals with nonfluent aphasia in preselected contexts. Method: A modified multiple-probes-across-behaviors design was used to train target words using SFA in 3 adults with nonfluent aphasia. Pretreatment,…

This article shows that measurement invariance (defined in terms of an invariant measurement model in different groups) is generally inconsistent with selection invariance (defined in terms of equal sensitivity and specificity across groups). In particular, when a unidimensional measurement instrument is used and group differences are present in…

The generalization effects of empirically-supported fluency-based reading interventions have been largely ignored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two fluency-based reading interventions, Repeated Readings and Multiple Exemplars, on elementary-aged children's immediate and generalized oral reading fluency rate. Using a…

Outcomes of three different types of computerized training in sub-lexical items (word-initial consonant clusters) on reading speed for 39 German-speaking poor readers in Grades 2 and 3 were evaluated. A phonological-orthographic association group, a reading aloud group, and a combined group were compared in performance with an untrained control…