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Slouzkey, Ilana; Maroun, Mouna – Learning & Memory, 2016
The basolateral amygdala (BLA), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit, plays a crucial role in acquisition and extinction of fear memory. Extinction of aversive memories is mediated, at least in part, by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (P[subscript 3]K)/Akt pathway in adult rats. There is recent interest in the neural mechanisms that mediate fear…
Descriptors: Biochemistry, Conditioning, Fear, Memory
Brodhead, Matthew T.; Higbee, Thomas S.; Gerencser, Kristina R.; Akers, Jessica S. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2016
We investigated the effects of a script-fading and discrimination-training procedure on mand variability in preschoolers with autism. Participants were taught to vary their vocal mands in the presence of written scripts, a green placemat, and a lag schedule of reinforcement. They were also taught to engage in repetitive mands in the presence of…
Descriptors: Autism, Preschool Children, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement
Leaf, Justin B.; Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L.; Townley-Cochran, Donna; Leaf, Jeremy A.; Alcalay, Aditt; Milne, Christine; Kassardjian, Alyne; Tsuji, Kathleen; Dale, Stephanie; Leaf, Ronald; Taubman, Mitchell; McEachin, John – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2016
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have qualitative impairments in social interaction and often prefer food or tangible reinforcement to social reinforcement. Thus, therapists who work with children with ASD often use food or tangible items as reinforcers to increase appropriate behaviors or decrease problem behaviors. The goal of the…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Interpersonal Competence, Preferences
Satish S. Nair; Denis Paré; Aleksandra Vicentic – npj Science of Learning, 2016
The neuronal systems that promote protective defensive behaviours have been studied extensively using Pavlovian conditioning. In this paradigm, an initially neutral-conditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus leading the subjects to display behavioural signs of fear. Decades of research into the neural bases of this…
Descriptors: Fear, Biology, Brain, Models
Benson, S. S.; Dimian, A. F.; Elmquist, M.; Simacek, J.; McComas, J. J.; Symons, F. J. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2018
The application of telehealth technology to conduct functional analysis (FA) and functional communication training (FCT) is emerging for children with developmental disabilities and behaviour support needs. The current study was designed to extend FA + FCT for self-injurious behaviour by using telehealth in home with parents as interventionists…
Descriptors: Parent Education, Coaching (Performance), Telecommunications, Health Services
Schmidt, Jonathan D.; Bednar, Mary K.; Willse, Lena V.; Goetzel, Amanda L.; Concepcion, Anthony; Pincus, Shari M.; Hardesty, Samantha L.; Bowman, Lynn G. – Journal of Behavioral Education, 2017
A primary goal of behavioral interventions is to reduce dangerous or inappropriate behavior and to generalize treatment effects across various settings. However, there is a lack of research evaluating generalization of treatment effects while individuals with functionally equivalent problem behavior interact with each other. For the current study,…
Descriptors: Functional Behavioral Assessment, Adults, Behavior Problems, Verbal Operant Conditioning
Cicchese, Joseph J.; Darling, Ryan D.; Berry, Stephen D. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Eyeblink conditioning given in the explicit presence of hippocampal ? results in accelerated learning and enhanced multiple-unit responses, with slower learning and suppression of unit activity under non-? conditions. Recordings from putative pyramidal cells during ?-contingent training show that pretrial ?-state is linked to the probability of…
Descriptors: Animals, Research, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Learning Processes
Gamba, Jonas; Goyos, Celso; Petursdottir, Anna Ingeborg – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2015
Recently, there has been a proliferation of research on the functional independence of two of Skinner's (1957) verbal operants, the mand, and the tact. This research has produced highly variable results. In this article, we provide a critical review of the literature on mand-tact independence, a literature that has implications for both theory and…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Literature Reviews, Training
Bas-Orth, Carlos; Tan, Yan-Wei; Oliveira, Ana M. M.; Bengtson, C. Peter; Bading, Hilmar – Learning & Memory, 2016
The formation of long-term memory requires signaling from the synapse to the nucleus to mediate neuronal activity-dependent gene transcription. Synapse-to-nucleus communication is initiated by influx of calcium ions through synaptic NMDA receptors and/or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and involves the activation of transcription factors by…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Genetics
Smith, Dean P.; Eikeseth, Svein; Fletcher, Sarah E.; Montebelli, Lisa; Smith, Holly R.; Taylor, Jennifer C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2016
The purpose of the present study was to assess whether intraverbal behavior, in the form of answers to questions, emerges as a result of listener training for five children diagnosed with autism. Listener responses were targeted and taught using prompting and differential reinforcement. Following successful acquisition of listener responses, the…
Descriptors: Autism, Listening Skills, Listening Comprehension, Prompting
Witts, Benjamin N.; Arief, Icha; Hutter, Emily – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2016
Learning Skinner's (1957) verbal behavior taxonomy requires extensive study and practice. Thus, novel classroom exercises might serve this goal. The present manuscript describes a classroom exercise in which two students analyzed Lady Gaga's song "Applause" in terms of its metaphorical arrangements. Through the exercise, students…
Descriptors: Class Activities, Verbal Communication, Taxonomy, Singing
Graham, Bronwyn M.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2016
These experiments examined the relationship between the neurotrophic factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and individual differences in the expression of conditioned fear. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that rats naturally expressing low levels of contextual or cued fear have higher levels of hippocampal FGF2 relative to rats that express…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Correlation, Fear, Animals
Knox, Dayan; Stanfield, Briana R.; Staib, Jennifer M.; David, Nina P.; Keller, Samantha M.; DePietro, Thomas – Learning & Memory, 2016
Single prolonged stress (SPS) has been used to examine mechanisms via which stress exposure leads to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. SPS induces fear extinction retention deficits, but neural circuits critical for mediating these deficits are unknown. To address this gap, we examined the effect of SPS on neural activity in brain regions…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Stress Variables, Stress Management, Fear
Bloh, Christopher; Scagliotti, Christopher; Baugh, Sarah; Sheenan, Megan; Silas, Shane; Zulli, Nicole – Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship, 2017
Five reinforcing activities were presented to and interrupted for two participants with autism. An errorless teaching procedure was then introduced with two similar activities prompting the participants to request information saying "How?" in order to resume the activity. The dependent variable included both the cumulative number of…
Descriptors: Autism, Teaching Methods, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement
Gomez-Sancho, Luis E.; Fernandez-Serra, Francisco; Arias, M. Francisca – Learning and Motivation, 2013
Summation is the usual result in composition procedures with excitatory stimuli. However, summation is difficult to obtain in autoshaping with pigeons. The problems with this preparation have been related to the stimuli used: combinations of intramodal conditioned stimuli (CSs). During the perceptual processing of this type of stimuli, some mutual…
Descriptors: Animals, Stimuli, Interference (Learning), Conditioning