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Danilova, M. V.; Mollon, J. D. – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Both classical and recent reports suggest a right-hemisphere superiority for color discrimination. Testing highly-trained normal subjects and taking care to eliminate asymmetries from the testing situation, we found no significant differences between left and right hemifields or between upper and lower hemifields. This was the case for both of the…
Descriptors: Testing, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Visual Discrimination, Visual Stimuli
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Palomares, Melanie; Englund, Julia A.; Ahlers, Stephanie – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2011
Williams Syndrome (WS) is a developmental disorder typified by deficits in visuospatial cognition. To understand the nature of this deficit, we characterized how people with WS perceive visual orientation, a fundamental ability related to object identification. We compared WS participants to typically developing children (3-6 years of age) and…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Mental Retardation, Genetic Disorders, Developmental Disabilities
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Richard, Ashleigh M.; Lee, Hyunkyu; Vecera, Shaun P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The authors investigated 2 effects of object-based attention: the spread of attention within an attended object and the prioritization of search across possible target locations within an attended object. Participants performed a flanker task in which the location of the task-relevant target was fixed and known to participants. A spreading…
Descriptors: Attention, Visual Discrimination, Reaction Time, Eye Movements
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Brigman, Jonathan L.; Feyder, Michael; Saksida, Lisa M.; Bussey, Timothy J.; Mishina, Masayoshi; Holmes, Andrew – Learning & Memory, 2008
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate certain forms of synaptic plasticity and learning. We used a touchscreen system to assess NR2A subunit knockout mice (KO) for (1) pairwise visual discrimination and reversal learning and (2) acquisition and extinction of an instrumental response requiring no pairwise discrimination. NR2A KO mice…
Descriptors: Animals, Discrimination Learning, Visual Discrimination, Operant Conditioning
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Libertus, Melissa E.; Brannon, Elizabeth M. – Developmental Science, 2010
Previous studies have shown that as a group 6-month-old infants successfully discriminate numerical changes when the values differ by at least a 1:2 ratio but fail at a 2:3 ratio (e.g. 8 vs. 16 but not 8 vs. 12). However, no studies have yet examined individual differences in number discrimination in infancy. Using a novel numerical change…
Descriptors: Infants, Visual Stimuli, Visual Discrimination, Numbers
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Boutis, Kathy; Pecaric, Martin; Seeto, Brian; Pusic, Martin – Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2010
Signal detection theory (SDT) parameters can describe a learner's ability to discriminate (d[prime symbol]) normal from abnormal and the learner's criterion ([lambda]) to under or overcall abnormalities. To examine the serial changes in SDT parameters with serial exposure to radiological cases. 46 participants were recruited for this study: 20…
Descriptors: Perception, Bias, Theories, Serial Learning
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Bowers, Jeffrey S. – Psychological Review, 2010
Plaut and McClelland (2010) and Quian Quiroga and Kreiman both challenged my characterization of localist and distributed representations. They also challenged the biological plausibility of grandmother cells on conceptual and empirical grounds. This reply addresses these issues in turn. The premise of my argument is that grandmother cells in…
Descriptors: Definitions, Models, Brain, Psychological Studies
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Robinson, Christopher W.; Sloutsky, Vladimir M. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2010
Two experiments examined the effects of multimodal presentation and stimulus familiarity on auditory and visual processing. In Experiment 1, 10-month-olds were habituated to either an auditory stimulus, a visual stimulus, or an auditory-visual multimodal stimulus. Processing time was assessed during the habituation phase, and discrimination of…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Familiarity, Infants, Child Psychology
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Davidoff, Jules; Goldstein, Julie; Roberson, Debi – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
We respond to the commentary of Franklin, Wright, and Davies ("Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 102", 239-245 [2009]) by returning to the simple contrast between nature and nurture. We find no evidence from the toddler data that makes us revise our ideas that color categories are learned and never innate. (Contains 1 figure.)
Descriptors: Child Psychology, Nature Nurture Controversy, Toddlers, Color
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Akechi, Hironori; Senju, Atsushi; Kikuchi, Yukiko; Tojo, Yoshikuni; Osanai, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Toshikazu – Neuropsychologia, 2010
This study investigated the neural basis of the effect of gaze direction on facial expression processing in children with and without ASD, using event-related potential (ERP). Children with ASD (10-17-year olds) and typically developing (TD) children (9-16-year olds) were asked to determine the emotional expressions (anger or fearful) of a facial…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Autism, Motivation, Eye Movements
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Wineman, Jean D.; Peponis, John – Environment and Behavior, 2010
Informal education in museums is structured through movement in space. This article summarizes a range of research that examines the role of spatial layout in shaping the ways in which visitors explore, engage, and understand museums and museum exhibitions. It is demonstrated that behavior patterns are systematically linked to spatial…
Descriptors: Museums, Informal Education, Building Design, Interior Space
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Longmore, Christopher A.; Liu, Chang Hong; Young, Andrew W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
Previous studies examining face learning have mostly used only a single exposure to 1 image of each of the faces to be learned. However, in daily life, faces are usually learned from multiple encounters. These 6 experiments examined the effects on face learning of repeated exposures to single or multiple images of a face. All experiments…
Descriptors: Experiments, Photography, Visual Aids, Recognition (Psychology)
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Jordan, J. Scott; Hunsinger, Matthew – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
When participants control the horizontal movements of a stimulus and indicate its vanishing point after it unexpectedly vanishes, the perceived vanishing point is displaced beyond the actual vanishing point, and the size of the displacement is directly related to the action-effect anticipation one has to generate to successfully control the…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Experiments, Spatial Ability, Visual Discrimination
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Hogan, Lindsey C.; Bell, Matthew; Olson, Ryan – Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2009
The vigilance reinforcement hypothesis (VRH) asserts that errors in signal detection tasks are partially explained by operant reinforcement and extinction processes. VRH predictions were tested with a computerized baggage screening task. Our experiment evaluated the effects of signal schedule (extinction vs. variable interval 6 min) and visual…
Descriptors: Air Transportation, Security Personnel, Screening Tests, Reinforcement
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Roberson, Debi; Hanley, J. Richard; Pak, Hyensou – Cognition, 2009
Categorical perception (CP) is said to occur when a continuum of equally spaced physical changes is perceived as unequally spaced as a function of category membership (Harnad, S. (Ed.) (1987). Psychophysical and cognitive aspects of categorical perception: A critical overview. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). A common suggestion is that CP…
Descriptors: Color, Classification, Visual Discrimination, Task Analysis
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