Contrasts the spontaneity and magic of remembered childhood adventures with artificial irrelevant professionalized adventure activities that result in the disempowerment of young people. Calls for a different style of outdoor leadership focused on coaching and facilitating young people as they apply their own strategies to high-risk areas of their…

Notes that violations of parent's expectancies, which are more likely during periods of rapid developmental change, provoke realignments in parent-adolescent relationships. Describes a systematic program of research exploring the nature of parental expectancies, the extent of expectancy violations during adolescence, and the consequences of these…

Proposed and tested model for predicting college students' (n=224) identity. Sequentially considered information on students' reported conflictual independence from parents and their current mood states and generalized self-efficacy. Model explained significant variance in criterion measure for both sexes; respective contributions of model…

Utilizes the theoretical formulations of Margaret Mahler and her colleagues on separation and individuation to understand how to plan psycho-rehabilitation programs for emotionally disturbed adolescents and young adults. The separation-individuation process and anxiety issues are discussed and analyzed in terms of both theory and practical…

Examined adolescents' perceptions of their daily conflicts in relationships with mothers, fathers, siblings, friends, romantic partners, and other peers and adults. Most adolescent conflicts were perceived as benign events with few positive or negative consequences for the relationship. Results suggest that adolescents recognize the fluidity and…

Male and female undergraduates were examined in an effort to determine the relationship between late adolescents' identity status and their memory of their relationships to their parents. Results revealed differences between subjects with committed identities and those with uncommitted identities in the amount of love felt for and received from…

Based on questionnaire responses, 139 ninth and twelfth graders were divided into low and high drug use groups. High use subjects viewed drug use as less harmful than did low use subjects and were less likely to view parents or the law as authorities concerning drug use. (BC)

Before working, adolescents who later worked more than 20 hours per week were less engaged in school and granted more autonomy by their parents than other adolescents. Working more than 20 hours per week further disengaged adolescents from school, increased delinquency and drug use, furthered autonomy, and diminished self-reliance. (BC)

College students (n=71) completed inventory of adaptively regressive experiences and Identity Status Interview. Found that Moratorium status students (actively engaged in identity formation) showed greater disposition to adaptive regression than did individuals in other statuses. Findings support view that adaptive regression may serve function in…

LISREL analysis of Toronto (Canada) survey data suggests that the search for adolescent role exits such as early marriage or parenthood was most strongly related to family strains and absence of parental controls, followed by female gender plus maternal unemployment, feelings of depression, father's socioeconomic status, identification with…

Analyzes the stereotypical notion of Turkish girls as helpless victims of their patriarchal culture that is widespread in popular opinion and science. Suggests that psychosocial guidance is influenced by this stereotype and that girls are not supported in their search for forms of identity adequate to their lives as migrants. (DSK)

This study assessed best friends' similarities in identity status and related behaviors, attitudes, and intentions for 1,159 high school students. Questionnaire responses indicated that mutually identified best friends shared distinct similarities in ego identity. Findings replicated those of existing investigations of friendship attitude and…

Revised the Identity Style Inventory (ISI) to sixth-grade reading level for use with adolescents/adults with reading limitations. Administered original and revised scales to 361 college students. Found that revised ISI (ISI-6G) scales were reliable and valid. Factor analysis and paired-sample t-test results demonstrated construct validity. ISI-6G…

Examined social crowd construct among 489 white seventh-, ninth-, and eleventh-graders. Found that self- and peer-nominated crowds were reasonably congruent and related in the same way to delinquency, substance use, and grade point average. Adolescents were friendliest to their own crowd and had more than expected number of friends from their…

Describes the different preferences in learning styles of adolescents based on the pioneering work on values development done by Kohlberg and Gilligan. Focuses on learning preferences of males and females and values research and its role in learning. Offers recommendations of middle-level academic and cocurricular planners. (RJM)