Four experiments used a common set of procedures to investigate the occurrence and the generalization of learned helplessness and latent inhibition in 10- to 11-year-old children. (MP)

Two experiments, with about five autistic children (two to 14 years old) in each experiment, assessed the effects of autistic immediate echolalia on acquisition and generalization of receptive labeling tasks. These results indicated that echolalia faciliated generalization for echolalic autistic children but not for functionally mute autistic…

The effectiveness of two techniques to help nine elementary learning disabled students generalize a computation skill was investigated. Results showed that demonstration and modeling plus feedback was sufficient to increase some Ss' ability, but that others require further intervention. (Author/CL)

Four language disordered children (4 to 9 years old) were presented with a four-step program designed to achieve generalization of target grammatical rules to spontaneous discourse. Trained target rules increased in frequency while untrained rules did not. (Author)

Three studies examining the effects of correspondence training (reinforcement for matching verbal and nonverbal behavior) with 22 mildly and moderately retarded students revealed that the approach can be used to decrease maladaptive and increase adaptive behavior and that it can produce generalized behavior change. (CL)

The process of induction is formulated as a problem in detecting nonrandomness, or pattern, against a background of randomness, or noise. Experimental and philosophical approaches to human conceptions of randomness are contrasted. The relation between induction and the experience of randomness is discussed in terms of signal-detection theory.…

Results showed that "loose training" (conducting concurrent language training during an academic task and allowing the student to initiate a language response based on a wide array of naturaly occurring stimulus events) was effective in establishing a specific set of language responses in two moderately retarded 10 and 12 year olds. (Author/CL)

The effects of extended training with meaningful stimuli on the free recall performance of mildly and moderately mentally retarded adolescents were examined. Strategy training that involved sorting, categorizing, and labeling objects resulted in a significant increase in free recall performance on training, maintenance, and near generalization.…

A program to involve institutional staff in developing manual sign language skills with six profoundly retarded persons was evaluated. Results indicated that all participating residents learned to communicate with signing during structured interactions on their living unit and the skills maintained during follow-up assessments ranging from 39 to…

Research (1968-1978) on the development of generative grammar in mentally retarded students is summarized for such topics as noun pluralization and suffixes, pronouns, adjectives, articles, verbs, prepositions, interrogatives, and generalization. Unresolved issues in generalization are noted. (CL)

Three experiments investigated seven-month-old infants' ability to discriminate the facial expressions of happiness and fear. (CM)

Generalizability theory is used to characterize and quantify expected variance in cutting scores and to compare the Nedelsky and Angoff procedures for establishing a cutting score. Results suggest that the restricted nature of the Nedelsky (inferred) probability scale may limit its applicability in certain contexts. (Author/BW)

A conceptual framework is developed that is systematically applied to the published literature on the generalization of behavioral teacher training. Two variables were hypothesized to explain the occurrence or nonoccurrence of generalization: the type of training provided and the teachers' attitudes toward the training. (Author/RL)

Tested the hypothesis that retarded children will increase their recall organization after semantic strategy training and that they will generalize their organizational behavior when given novel categories to learn. (Author/DB)