The first section of this book presents an overview and history of the problem of skill generalization among students with severe handicaps. Researchers review empirically based strategies proposed to remedy the problem, discuss the characteristics and foundations of decision rules which can be used to determine which strategy will work best in a…

This doctoral dissertation examines the extent to which general case simulation instruction on a janitorial task sequence and a housekeeping task sequence conducted with four secondary and postsecondary age persons with moderate mental retardation resulted in generalized performance. A multiple baseline design across subjects and behaviors was…

The study investigated the potential additive effects of instruction in self-control strategies and behavioral parent training with 24 hyperactive children (7-11 years old) and their parents. It was hypothesized that the combination of treatments would provide maximum benefits by altering those contingencies in the home environment maintaining…

Rasch models for fundamental measurement in the psychological sciences are derived from the principle of specific objectivity, the requirement that the parameter value representing each component in a test situation be independent of the other components. The dichotomous Rasch model for two-faceted analysis, applicable to conventional…

Forty children (grades 2-5) with consistent misarticulations on one to three phonemes participated in a self-monitoring program. Ss were taught to discriminate their own correct vs. incorrect articulations and then self-monitoring of correct responses was transferred to the children's natural environments. Data were collected by trained observers…

Information integration theory (IIT) seeks to develop a unified theory of judgment and behavior. This theory provides a conceptual framework that has been applied to a variety of research areas including personality impression formation and decision making. In these applications information integration theory has helped to resolve methodological…

A conceptualization of generalization and its place in educational research is proposed. Problems with existing approaches to generalization include limited concepts, misleading or simplistic results, perception variance or change, and the discouragement of sensitivity due to convenience. Researchers should distinguish between conclusions which…

It is contended that the consistent employment of the culture area theory by several generations of anthropologists, historians, and writers on American Indian art has tended to create a highly unrealistic and rigid picture of American Indian Cultures in the eyes of both the public and the Indian people themselves. (JC)

The problems addressed, and solutions devised, by educational ethnographers in selection of and sampling from phenomena for internal representativeness external comparison are examined. The process of sampling is designated as a specialized form of the more general process of focusing and choosing in research, which is called selection. Common…

The paper reviews the literature on early intervention programs with emphasis on programs for handicapped and at risk infants. The definition and goals of intervention for such infants are examined in relation to early childhood developmental characteristics. Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of early intervention for disadvantaged,…

Investigated with six first- to third-grade teachers was the generalization of the use of teacher praising and approval skills in one daily instructional period into a second daily instructional period. As part of a general investigation of teacher management skills by the Program for Academic Survival Skills, the teachers were taught to use…

The instructional design presented in this article discusses a procedure for arranging and sequencing examples and nonexamples for concept teaching in the classroom. Concepts are divided into two types: definition and observation. A definition concept is one in which the critical attributes are determined by the definition, e.g., war. Observation…

Reviews research on the effectiveness of such procedures as differential reinforcement of behaviors incompatible with disruptive behavior (DRO), a contingent removal of reinforcement (time-out), overcorrection, and punishment to suppress seriously disruptive and self-injurious behaviors. Research on the generalization, maintenance, and side…

The effect of general and specific cues on learning information from graphs is analyzed. The study shows that the use of cues influenced the amount of information learned, with variations according to type and placement of cues. (JMF)