A new design for government family planning programs is proposed in "Family Planning Programs: An Economic Approach," the principal article in this monthly publication of The Population Council. The design is intended primarily for low-income countries that seek large and rapid reductions in fertility. Thirteen elements of the proposed system of…

The study paired-associate (PA) learning via the anticipation (ANT) and study-test (ST) procedures across second, third, fourth and fifth grades. Specifically, age differences in the rate of learning and examining PA learning according to the stage analyses were examined. Retention was also of interest: however, a ceiling effect negated the…

Changes in abortion legislation in Romania, together with the effects of restrictive legislation, are summarized in "Abortion Legislation: The Romanian Experience," the first of two articles in this monthly publication of The Population Council. Romania legalized abortion on request in September, 1957. Nine years later, October, 1966,…

This study traces the development of research in marriage counseling to discover whether generalizations concerning development in a scientific field also apply to research in marriage counseling. It is hypothesized that it is possible to identify development in a field along the lines of productivity of research, development of accretive studies,…

This study investigated the psychophysiological reactions of male and female subjects to cinematic elements: varying camera distances, panning shots, tracking shots, and zooming shots. Fourteen males and 15 females, members of an introductory speech course at Northern Illinois University, viewed five films that varied only in the presence or…

The importance of data contributed for use in industrial training by the sociologist and anthropologist, the interrelationship between culture and technology, and the implications of culture's relationship to change and/or learning are discussed. Some principles for gaining acceptance of change are listed. Concern with quality products implies…

Studies the ways in which information disclosed early in a relationship is used to form predictions about probable attitudes of the other person, and subsequent communication behavior as the relationship progresses. (MH)

This study compared incentives and educational methods to motivate children to pick up litter and to prevent littering. Incentives did aid in getting litter picked up. One-sentence anti-litter statements, educational materials, and lectures reduced littering, but incentives did not. (MR)

Research is now being done on the behavior of spiders and their role in ecological systems. (BB)

Five separate studies involving over 12,000 managers were conducted to explore the relationship between personal applications of behavioral science principles and managerial achievement. (Author)

A behavioral setting termed "free time" was identified in the day room of an institution for the retarded. The behavioral mapping technique was used to record behavior and spatial use within this setting. During treatment patients engaged in active and socially involved behavior. (Author)

In this study, 111 college men and women were classified into masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated sex role categories. Subjects were tested for emotional expressivity, assertiveness, and personal integration. Androgynous subjects exhibited the greatest adaptability. (Author/WI)

In a national survey of attitudes of 884 male managers about perceived sex differences, females were rated lower in (1) aptitudes, skills, and knowledge; (2) motivation and job interest; (3) temperament; and (4) work habits and attitudes. Lower ratings of women were prevalent among males in a variety of jobs, organizations, and industries.…

In this study, the role of adult response patterns in shaping and maintaining independent behavior in preschoolers is examined. Results indicate that independent and dependent behaviors are both strongly under the control of environmental contingencies of both boys and girls. (Author/WI)