Investigated the influence of parental attachment on the initiation of adolescent cigarette smoking. The two models tested each specify different causal ordering among the three variables of attachment to parents, commitment to conventional activities, and belief in the conventional rules of society. Findings indicated that parental attachment has…

Defines attachment theory's two important concepts: internal working model and the secure base. Pertinent research is discussed. Role of school counselors is described from an attachment theory perspective. Presents suggestions for changes in school counseling practices that are compatible with attachment theory. (FC)

The attachments of adolescents to their parents and their associations with personality and social relations were studied for 112 college students and 90 of their friends. Attachment to mother was related to the quality and quantity of daily interactions, but father-child relationship was related to interaction quality only. (SLD)

Studied the relation of patterns of attachment and psychiatric status in 82 nonpsychotic inpatients and 85 case-matched controls using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Preliminary outcome results suggest that individuals rated as dismissing on the AAI are more likely to show improvements in psychotherapy. Discusses other findings. (KW)

Proposes that vocal communion between infant and caregiver supports infants' language acquisition and connectedness with caregivers. Recommends research to determine whether social behaviors such as joint attention and vocal imitation are functionally related to language learning or are only symptomatic of a survival-centered caregiving…

Examined maternal care and infant attachment security in a sample from the United States (Colorado) and one from Colombia. Found that maternal sensitivity and infant security were significantly associated in both samples. Identified six common and two noncommon domains (one per sample) of caregiving; associations between domains of maternal…

Examines how caregiving, an aspect of attachment theory, can be applied in counseling. Begins with an overview of attachment theory, then focuses on counselor's position as caregiver, adult relationship issues, and termination of counseling. States that a counselor's attention to a client's attachment style during early sessions may enhance…

Examined the relationship between attachment cognitions and social support in a community sample of 129 late-adolescent women. Found that attachment cognitions representing greater security in close relationships were associated with higher levels of perceived and enacted social support. Differences between subjects reporting secure and insecure…

Analyzed relationships between child-care experience and preschoolers' attachment. Found that maternal sensitivity was the strongest predictor of preschoolers' attachment. When maternal sensitivity was low, more hours per week in child care at 15 months somewhat increased the risk of the insecure-ambivalent classification at 36 months. Found…

A sample of 147 mother-infant dyads was recruited from a peri-urban settlement outside Cape Town and seen at 2- and 18-months postpartum. At 18 months, 61.9% of the infants were rated as securely attached (B); 4.1% as avoidant (A); 8.2% as resistant (C); and 25.8% disorganized (D). Postpartum depression at 2 months, and indices of poor parenting…

This study examined correlates of attachment at age 3 to further validate preschool separation-reunion measures. Three-year-olds (N = 150) and their mothers participated in a separation-reunion protocol, the Preschool Attachment Classification System (PACS: J. Cassidy & R. S. Marvin with the MacArthur Working Group on Attachment, 1992), and a…

The association between attachment representations and adolescents' coping with 3 developmental tasks of emerging adulthood-leaving home, advancing in the capacity for mature intimacy, and developing individuation-was examined. Israeli male adolescents (N = 88) were administered the Adult Attachment Interview during their high-school senior year.…

Recent years have seen the emergence of accounts of the origins of the Disorganized attachment relationship in early mother-infant interaction, each building on the pioneering work of Main and Hesse--dysfunctional emotional processes figure prominently in all these accounts. This paper applies a framework based on two complementary theories of…

Challenging behaviour in children with learning disabilities seems to emerge as the result of an interaction between biological vulnerability and environmental risk, and studies indicate that the development of this behaviour to some extent may be prevented through adaptations of the social environment. Early intervention should have a pivotal…

The fact that crime and victimization share similar correlates suggests that family and peer contexts are potentially useful for explaining individual differences in violent victimization. In this research, we used routine activities and lifestyles frameworks to reveal how strong bonds of family attachment can promote more effective guardianship…